The police on Black Friday Essay Example for Free

The police on Black Friday EssayHow far do springs 11 and 12 challenge the see presented in source 10 about the conduct of the police on Black Friday?Emily Davison was a woman who fought for womans suffrage in the late 1800s and early 1900s. She died on the 8th of June, 1913 after she ran in front of King George Vs horse Anmer at the Epsom Derby on 4 June 1913. Some people believe that this event caused a major breakthrough in later womens suffrage.Firstly, source 10, (The Times Newspaper) shows a rather negative get wind on Emily Davisons defendions. For example, the newspaper instantly assumes that the desperate act of Davison was achieved only to spoil the race. The Times wrote this because they were a very right winged paper and did not completely support womens suffrage and gender equality. On the different hand, if the Davison was a man, the newspaper would not be so quick to assume that his actions were for a good cause and would probably be more sympathetic for his injuries. inside the same article Davison is described as an offender. This was most likely due to the fact that when this article was written, Davison had not yet died from her injuries. Therefore, The Times and the majority of its readers would not lead much sympathy to her, but instead would see her as merely a nuisance.When compared, source 10 and 12 share a rather contrasting idea on the doings of Emily Davison considering both the articles are written by The Times. In source 10 Davison is described as desperate and as an offender. However, 10 days later (after the death of Davison), the tone of the newspaper completely changes, (source 12). Instead of being insulted and described negatively, Davisons actions are described as heroic. This change in view was purposely done due to the fact that Davison had recently died and many people saw her death as an important issue The Times had to keep their readers sharp and show sympathy for such a sacrifice.Source 11 pretty much displ ays a complete opposite view of Emily Davisons death compared to source 10. This is because Christabel Pankhurst was a fellow campaigner for womans suffrage in the Womens Social and PoliticalUnion, (source 11 is an extract from Pankhursts account, Unshackled). Pankhurst gives a much more positive and most likely aslope view on the actions of Davison. For example, Pankhurst makes it seem as if Davison was the whole reason why women were seen as earnest for the vote. She also states that Davisons death brought the concentrated attention of millions to bear upon the cause.These dickens points were likely to be exaggerated as there was a good chance that Davison and Pankhurst were close because they both fought for the same cause. In contrast to source 11, source 10 states that Davisons deed is not likely to increase the popularity of any cause within the general public. This is pretty much the exact opposite of what Pankhurst was implying in her autobiography which makes it clear th at source 11 and 10 both challenge one another highly with two slightly biased and altered stories of Emily Davisons protest.Overall, Emily Davisons death plain had quite a large impact on womens suffrage within the UK as the vote was given to women in 1918 5 years after her death.

Diversification of Agriculture Essay Example for Free

Diversification of Agriculture EssayDiversification in this plate (agricultural diversification) involves the realocation of a, or few of a farms resources, to a sassy product or products. The prime resource of that time being sugar and the new products being the coarse variety of crops that were produced and re-introduced by peasants. Peasants are a class of people of a lower status, who depends on agricultural labour for subsistence. The peasant life could be lay and termed in different categories. According to Mintz 1961, a peasant style of life was worked out by the people while they were still enslaved, these people were refered to as proto-peasants. he also makes mension of runaway pesantries or marrons, whome he described as, those who formed communities outside colonial authority, build on subsistance farming in mountainous or interior forest regions. This research will higlight how the peasants produced a wide variety of crops and the reintroduction of darkened o nes. The purpose of this research is to show that the diversification of the caribbean economy was beecause of peasant initiative. had it not been for their efforts, the old sugar monopoly would have prevailed in the post emacipation period sustaining a system of bankruptcy and decay.Woodville K Marshall wrote, our pesantry starts in 1838 an comprises of ex-slaves who started small farms on the peripheries of plantation wheresoever they could find pop on abandon plantations and in the mountainous unknowns of various teritories. the first aim of the ex-slaves was to move away from the forced and unpaid labour. Many others preffered to lodge in their own homes amongs friends and relatives with expectations of earning enough cash to purchase original commodoties that they were unable to gain as slaves.The feeling of jazz acquitdom, of the plantation was only recodnise by free people if they could aquire there own lands. the simplest methods of getting propperty was to buy unoccu pied land, either from land belonging to plantations which was not farmed by owner and crown lands. these crown lands was well-nigh popular in Trinidad, British Guyana and the interior of Jamaica. Land ownership also came about by squatting on unused land in the the inappropriate interious of the large colonies.People who purchase property outright were more fortunate than squatters, they gainned written proof of ownership and the land they bought was already cleared and close to markets. nevertheless outright purchase was the exception, not the rule. The exslaves were aslo able to aquire land in other intances through missionary help. These include popular missionaries such as James Phillips and William Nibb. In 1835 Phillips, bought 10 hectares in the mountains behind Jamaica Spanishtown, subdivided the land into small lots for sale on easy term to his congregation.the new community named sligoville was the only stagetlement during apprenticeship. In july 1838 William Nibb sha red the belief that planters would try to force extra work from their free labour by dramatically increasing rent on estate fig. 1 Newcastle, free village, in the Jamaica blue mountains. homes. William took up the mantel to help his congregation, he told them about a loan of ten thousand pounds that was granted to him by a friend from england. Knibb then said, that sum should be apropriated to the purchase of land on which you may live if your present employer force you to quit the properties on which you now live. Williams predictions came through, the planters acted as he had foreseen and by 1839 he was constructing several Free Villages for labourers who did not want to risk increases in rent on the plantations. The missionary society was quite abdoman in the evolution of the pesantry. Upon discusing the success of the pesantry one must give an account for the stages of development which includes the period of establishment (1839 1850-60). This was highlighted by the rapid land ownership, and the incresing number of peasants.observers of the caribbean stated, the great and normal object of the ex-slave was the aquisition of land, however limited in extent. Larger population, small size and a long established sugar industry left few oppertunities for land aqusition for peasants of island territories such as Barbados, St. Kitts and Antigua. Ex-slaves from these colonies had to think emigration. until now, countries like Jamaica and the Windward Islands the sugar industry left underdeveloped montainous interiors . In Trinidad and Tobago and British Guyana a small population and junior industry created many oppertunities for land aquisition.Efforts of the exslaves were so successful in the named countries that emmancipation officials were reporting an almost daily increases in number of free holders. Another stage of development is the period of consilidation in which the peasantry continues its growth in numbers and most important, a marked shift by the peasants to export crop production. For example in Jamaica (only teritory with complete figures for small holdings) the number of holding between 5 and 49 acres increased from 13 189 in 1880 to 24 226 in 1902 to 31 038 in 1930.However the most important phase of the development is what Eisner calls a new pesantry. Eisner national income estimate for Jamacia for 1850 and 1890 reveal a shift from maily provison production to mixed provisions that could be exported by peasants. a very good example of income was the value of the export crops (sugar, coffee, rum, pimento, ginger) in 1850 its estimated by Eisner at 1 089 300 pounds, of which small settlement contributed 133 five hundred pounds or just over 10%.The variety of products continued to grow, and shares rising until the third period (1900 and beyond). At this stage the pesantry did not expand and evidence shows that it aptitude have been contracting. Table 2 below shows an example of evidence of a decrease in peasant holdings in Jamaica. Initially, before the growth of the peasantry, ex-slaves decided to set up themselves as peasants because although slavery had ended the principle of forced labour, had only changed to contolled labour upon those who remain on the plantations.Many who stayed in hopes of becoming wage owners, plans were burst within a few years becasue of different reasons. Amongs these different reasons the system of tenancy which compelled the slaves to labour steadily and continuosly on the estates in return for secure student residence in the house and ground which he had occupied as a slave, insecurely of tenure, as well as relatively low wages and increases in rent reinforced many ex-slaves determination to seek new and better oppertunities away from the estates accross the caribbean.a small population of the slaves were skilled which meant those who couldnt be masons, carpenters, barrel makers, roll out wrights and cart builders had to turn to the best known alternative, the s oil. Only this time there hard labour would of been for their survival and not to fill their masters stock. The peasantry afforded them with the oppertunity to become wage earners. On the basis in which the pesantry was running, it was basically characterise, the pure plantation economy and society.Although the peasants were producing a great quantity and variety of subsistence food and livestock, they strove to expand their boundaries by introducing new crops and or re-introducing old ones. Bananas, coffee, citrus, coconuts, cocoa, spices (ginger and pimento), and log wood in Jamaica Cocoa, arrowroot, spices, bananas and log wood in Windwards, were the most popular crops introduced and or re-introduced for exports. the Leewards grew arowroot as a staple export crop. It has been recorded that St. Vincent alone sold 613 380 kilograms.Small holders in Grenada exported coffee, cotton, cocoa, copra, honey and beeswax. In Trinidad squatters sold the timber they gainned from clearing crow n lands for charcoal burning and export some for boat buiding and later exported coffee and cocoa. The guyanese was one of the few that was into the exportation of the rice crop. Most of the caribbean teritories were at some point in time producing certain crops for export and gathered profitable incomes. It is quit evident , that the pesantry has accumilated musch success.With the help of the missionaries and the income gainned, peasants were able to initiate the convension of plantation socities. they adapted to building local self-generating communities and used funds that they had alocated from exports on with babtist missionaries ( missionary help was popular mainly in Jamaica) who were quite abdoman in helping the peasants organise free villages and the construction of school such as Cadrinton elementary school in barbados, which was run by missionaries and churches for learning and worship.They also clamoured for expansion of education facilities, communication and better m aketing schemes and facilities. The peasants were able to start local co-operative movement (sou-sou, boxwood hand and partner hand) which later develop banks some which may still be in exsistance today.

Disciplinary procedures

Disciplinary proceduresIntroductionDiscipline is the all-important(a) part of every organization. A disciplinary procedure is sometimes the best way for your employer to tell you when something is wrong. It allows them to explain clearly what improvement is needed and should give you an opportunity to put your side of the situation. The mark off policy is depending of the comp whatever(prenominal). Hear in newly open Tesco, the theatre director can take meet against non-disciplinary activity by using the following procedure.Informal non-disciplinary actionThe line manager should tiller clear the nature of his or her concern together with any suggestions as to how the member might improve their work murder in such kind of non-disciplinary conduction. There is some stage of to handle non disciplinary action.Hear in this case as a department manager the decision is being made as per the company policy about the disciplinary action. In this case Paul Wilkinson come late to the w ork nevertheless leave early, so as a department manager the sub judice action would be taken as under. In the case of Paul Wilkinson the action would be taken as underStage 1 First formal oral admonishmentWhile taking any disciplinary action, it is essential to give a formal oral exemplification to the employee, hear the department manager already given the oral warning to the Paul Wilkinson about their non-disciplinary demeanor but he didnt improve her behaviour, now as per the company policy the department manager will take the second step to follow the procedure.Stage-2 write warningAfter all investigation about the case if the person found guilty or un-discipline the next step would be to give a written nonice. In the notice contain all the detail about the case and further action taken by the department manager. After magnanimous formal oral warning the Paul Wilkinson does not make any improvement so, the manger gives him a written warning about their conduct. This wr itten warning is the proof of the action which is taken by the manager so, in future if any sound conflict are arise, this written warning can go on as a proof. so as a department it is very wise to give a written warning before taking any non-disciplinary action.Stage 3 Final warningIf there is still a failure to improve and conduct or performance is still unsatisfactory, or where the outcome is sufficiently serious, the company give him a final warning about to improve the behaviour or follow the company rules. In this final warning company have to mentioned that if candidate do not follow the rules, company will dismiss him immediately. In this case if the Paul Wilkinson still not make any improvement the manager give him an final warning.Stage 4 DismissalIf conduct or performance is still unsatisfactory, dismissal will usually take place this is not any warning but final dismissal letter given to the candidate. As a department manager, before taking the dismissal action he in forms to Paul Wilson and if he will fail to conduct performance after final warning, he will be discount by the company.The action would be taken in the case of Sheena JohnsonHear in this case Sheena Johnson found to theft the material from the department, so this is a legal crime to thievery the material from the company and the manager told him to report him tomorrow. So in this case the action would be taken as under.Investigating of stealing as a department manager the firstborn procedure would be to gathering evidence of offences, because the evidence is the proof of the case, without evidence manager can not take any further decision. Hear in this case security caught the Sheena Johnson to stealing the material so the manager will hold the evidence and wherefore take the further decision.Seek Legal Advice before Confronting an Employee before taking further action manager need to present that to your companys legal advisor first of all. Further more you conduct any intervi ew with the person in a calm and rational manner. In the event that a suspected employee isnt caught in the act of theft nor have they confessed, once you feel you have gathered enough evidence to support your theory more firmly, you need to present that to your companys legal advisor first of all. If they feel you have a watertight case with enough evidence to prove their guilt then its important that you conduct any interview with the person in a calm and rational manner. This is because if they are guilty, advanced warning might enable them to concoct lies or alibis as to why they couldnt have been involved. Just simply and politely say that you just need a brief chat after work and not give them any indication that it might be about a particularly serious issue.The Interview If you opt for the interview, however, you need to tell them the reason why you wanted to see them, explain the situation in a calm and rational manner and then give them the right to respond. At first, they might simply refute your claims and rack their ground but the more hard evidence you can introduce after theyve finished speaking, the more likely theyll buckle under the pressure and confess. They may not, of course, which is the point at which you may need to seek further legal advice about pursing the matter in court, if its a serious case.Reference-http//www.human-resource-solutions.co.uk/Areas%20of%20Interest/Discipline.htmhttp//www.workplacesafetyadvice.co.uk/dealing-with-employee-theft.html

Living Organ Donation Inspired Explorations In Normative Ethics Philosophy Essay

Living Organ Donation Inspired Explorations In Normative Ethics Philosophy EssayEver since the first living adult reed pipe organ transplantation in 1954, organ contri only whenion continues to advance as a form of medical intervention (Pence, 2007). With its ongoing popularity, living adult organ gratuity inspires a variety of debates in normative ethics circles. In this essay, I am taking the opportunity to advocate for law Ethics as the most(prenominal) ethically defensible approach to living adult organ bounty. law Ethics, unlike Utilitarianism or Deontology, promote the highest degree of personal enlightenment and, as such(prenominal)(prenominal), retard the highest calibre of our moral choice through maximized consistency, personal accountability, and overall highest harmony of our lay outivenesss as they relate to key players in living adult organ donation (donor, recipient, doctors and society). To complete my perspective, I will reclaim the widely-accepted drawback of Virtue Ethics regarding its lack of systemized action rules (i.e. codifiability) by proposing realistic societal long-term transformations, as governed by Virtue Ethics, which would make codifiability achievable.Living adult organ donation is an act of providing of a vital organ to an organ recipient by an organ donor for organ transplantation for the immediate purposes of either improving the quality of living of a recipient, the quality of life of both donor and recipient or saving recipients life (Pence, 2007). Living adult organ donation differs from cadaveric organ donation because the donor is alive, while in cadaveric organ donation the donor is brain-dead (Pence, 2007). fit to the provincial organ donation agency, Trillium Gift of Life Network, there are 1487 deal on waiting list for organ donation this socio-economic class (Trillium Gift of Life Network, 2010). Organs that can be transplanted are liver, heart, kidney, lung, pancreas and small bowels (Trillium Gift of L ife Network, 2010). The reality of the situation is that some of these people will non encounter a suitable donor and their health will deteriorate or they may die.In order to truly explore the ethical voyage of organ donation, I will put myself in the shoes of a potential organ donor and take a move in the halls of Deontology, Utilitarianism and Virtue Ethics schools. Why, when and to whom would I donate my organ so that my decision is morally right for me, for the recipient, for the doctors and for society?There is nobody that I know requiring an organ at this moment. Although I could enlist myself as a living organ donor and potentially save an separate human fellow, currently I choose non to. If my loved one or somebody I know and respect needed an organ right now, I would, however, donate it without hesitation.As I walk in an organ-donors shoes, I enter the Deontology school and I see a representative Deontological philosopher, Kant, sitting at his work desk, surrounded b y lots and piles of paper. He greets me and at the same time approves of my present choice of not beingness enlisted in an organ donors list. gibe to Kant and Deontology theory, one should never treat oneself as an object or means only, but always as an end (Pence, 2007). He goes on to share his view that if we voluntarily choose to potentially bring out our bodies by taking out organs for organ donation purposes, we are not cultivating humanity in that case because to be human means protect your bodys integrity (Pence, 2007). Kant considers my present choice of not being enlisted as an organ donor morally right because I am not physically harming myself for the tax of another human being, i.e. I treat myself as an end, not as means. Deontologians believe that our decisions must come from a rational and autonomous perspective of a free will in order to be morally right (Pence, 2007). Furthermore, it is not rational to harm yourself and it is always wrong to potentially harm yo urself for the arrive at of another human being. The final view of wrongness of organ donation is universalizable for everyone and in every situation and it would be my duty to follow such denounce of rules (Pence, 1998). Thus, according to Kants rationale, it is always morally wrong to engage in organ donation.I disagree with Kant about what constitutes a free will and what is my moral duty. According to my upbringing, system of values and my life experiences, free will, for me, is not only consisting of a rational component, but also emotional component. If my brother needed an organ and I was a match, I would donate it.If I act according to Kant and not donate my organ to my loved one, my action would be morally wrong for me, the recipient, doctors and the society. Firstly, the penury behind my organ donation is the unconditional love I feel for my brother. I consult the Virtue Ethics School and in their teachings I find that unconditional love is actually a trait in the part ing, and if made habitual, it would constitute a virtue because unconditional love promotes severe actions (Pence, 2007). By loose my brother my organ, he would know even more about my unconditional love for him and we would both strengthen even further our individual emotional foundations. Second, my cause is satisfied by my organ donation to my brother because I know that, if the operation goes well, his health will improve and I wouldnt suffer any major side-effects that require hospitalization. Because both my brother and I would be healthier and happier, I would not be anxious or depressed about his state. This would mean that I would not be a burden to the healthcare system because I would have no need to see a psychiatrist or a psychologist, for I would be happy. As both my brother and I are healthy and happy, each of us could further contribute to society by being productively employed. Our positive attitude due to the happiness we feel could be positively reflected furt her in our other relationships, thus contributing to the overall pure developments stemming from an organ donation to a loved one.According to Virtue Ethicists, my action of organ donation would be morally right because I have displayed character virtues such as courage and sincerity of my motivation. Most importantly for Virtue Ethicists, my actions are in alignment with my system of values and my life experience, thus I have exercised my moral wisdom and reach a sought-after happiness state (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003).I continue my exploration of normative ethics by entering the hallways of Utilitarianism school. According to Utilitarianism, the action is morally right if its consequences produce the superlative amount of goodness or the smallest amount of negative consequences (Pence, 2007). Goodness can be measured in various ways and, depending on the reference parameters, goodness can be measured in emotional, psychological, monetary or any other means as goo dness. Utilitarianism school has two divisions rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism (Pence, 2007). According to rule utilitarianism, what makes an act right is following general moral rules that produce the great good for the greatest number. On the other hand, act utilitarianism wishes to reserve the right to judge each unique case and then decide which action creates the greatest good. Although act utilitarianists agree that general rules commonly should be followed, they reserve the right to break them. Rules are broken if extraordinary circumstances arise, where a greater good for a greater number of people would be created by doing so (Pence, 2007).In my hypothetical case of donating an organ to my beloved brother, act utilitarianism would approve of such an action because it would benefit me, my brother, the healthcare and the society, as previously stated.But does general utilitarianism produce consistent moral actions that are in harmony with our personal value syste m, irrespective of external benefits to the society? To illustrate that utilitarianism does not encompass the entire spectrum of human decision-making requirements, consider the scenario where I have an opportunity to save three people by donating three of my organs (liver, kidney and a lung lobe), versus saving my brother by donating only one organ my heart. If I choose to donate to these three people, I would, numerically speaking, increase the overall good consequences in the world by allowing three people to live at the cost of my emotional turmoil on my death bed, following the surgery, for not saving my brother. More people would be happy than not, if we take into account that families of three recipients outnumber my family. But, in my opinion and in the opinion of Virtue Ethicists, this action would not be morally justified as I would have betrayed my emotional virtues framework when I decided not to save my brother.When deciding whether the action is morally right, Virtue Ethics do not hide under a cloak of incomplete moral rules, such as Deontological evasion of an emotional component during such an act. By calling upon the complete enlightenment of ones character (i.e. virtues) and in combination with moral wisdom accomplish through life and its conditions, Virtue Ethics holds every individual accountable for his/her actions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003). When people are held personally responsible for their actions as they relate to their character, they truly have an opportunity to grow as a human being and reach the ultimate potential for happiness and thus, perform the most morally worthy action on any particular topic.The followers of the Virtue Ethics school embrace the intricacies of human experiences and aspire to understand a moral action within the cultural, emotional and intellectual conditions it has been performed in.While it can be a tedious and somewhat challenging to expect from every human to seek to act in accordan ce with Virtue Ethics, if exercised, it does ensure consistency of moral acts within a society which Utilitarianism and Deontology lack. Some argue that codifiability of Virtue Ethics is impossible to achieve, but I argue that it is possible. The societal transformation that would need to occur would require enormous good will from the majority of human population, mandatory excellence in parenting, and most importantly, ones utmost commitment to achieving happiness as defined by Virtue Ethics.Both Utilitarianism and Deontology schools offer noble, but incomplete foundations for evaluating whether adult organ donation is a morally right act. While each theory protects the principles of either ratio or overall goodness, neither of them account for the myriad of emotional and empiric factors that are present in our decision-making, whether we like it or not. Virtue Ethics seeks to understand moral actions in a true rainbow of colors that they arise from, which is wherefore it is the only normative ethical theory that is realistic enough to salute our human complexity.

Stability Testing of Nifedeipine

Stability Testing of NifedeipineSyed Masood Hassan AkbariPractical 2 Stability study of nifedipineINTRODUCTIONNifedipine is considered as a prototype compound of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists. Nifedipine is a selective arterial dilator, and alike is employ in the treatment of hypertension, angina and cardiovascular dis magnitudes. The drawback associated with nifedipine is that it can undergo film degradation thus escalating in loss of pharmacological activity. This process involves the reducing of the aromatic nitro group to nitroso group or the oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring to a pyridine ring. Nifedipine synthesizers make using up of aerial resistant coating to reduce their photo degradation. It has been found out that due to poor storage conditions the clinical efficacy of nifedipine can drop drastically. In order to fix this a excerpt of ingredients within the dosage spring can be altered or enhanced in order to minimise photosensitivity. Ion-exchange beads are solid and appropriately are high molecular weight polyelectrolytes that can easily exchange their wandering ions of equal charge with neighbouring medium reversibly. The ion-exchange bead can form a complex with nifedipine and its utility used to embrace drug in light natures. Instability of the drug product may lead to a lessening in the bioavailability of the drug. It is also highly important that the patients do receive their uniform does of the drug throughout the whole of the shelf life of the product.This experiment goes through the photodecomposition kinetics of nifedipine at zero-order when the reception commences. As the reaction proceeds further to 50% the kinetics of the reaction changes to first-order. date 1 Represents nifedipine degradation at the two different wavelengths shown above.This experiment consisted of 3 main componentsDetermining the stability of nifedipine using HPLC at various time intervals.Estimating the half-life for the di sappearing drug.Examining the sex act stability of the drug as powder and in solution.EXPERIMENTALFor HPLC20mg of nifedipine was weighed out and placed in a 100ml volumetric flask using the supple phase to top up the flask. The resulting solutions colouration was noted and transferred to a beaker and covered with paraffin. A small insertion was made to take up 2ml of the solution into an injectant using a 0.2m filter. The time was noted and the sample was loaded and run immediately and the beaker was covered with paraffin and placed on a ledge where sunlight was present and after(prenominal) every 15 min intervals the sample was injected into the apparatus and it was run. After apiece run was carried out the peak area for each of the runs were enter.For stability in solid form100mg of the solid sample of nifedipine was weighed out in a weighing boat and spread out evenly and placed on a window ledge with proper Irish sunlight for a duration of 2 hours. The appearance was not ed before and after the time lapsed. The solid sample was then homogenised and 20mg was taken and placed in a 100ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark with the mobile phase. Straight away 2ml solution was taken and placed on a 0.2m filter and was ready for injection. The peak area of the solid sample was recorded in the report.RESULTS CONCLUSIONSDetermination of the stability of nifedipine solid and unruffled samples with sunlight.Table 1 Shows the nifedipine run time with 15 minute intervals, the solid form and a UV sample.The illustrations below show the HPLC peaks at various time intervals with their retention times, peak area and heights.Figure 2 Depicts nifedipine at T0.Figure 3 Depicts nifedipine at T20.Figure 4 Depicts nifedipine at T35.Figure 5 Depicts nifedipine at T50.Figure 6 Depicts nifedipine at T65.Figure 7 Depicts nifedipine at T80.Figure 8 Depicts nifedipine at T95.Figure 9 Represents the peak area plotted against time of nifedipine degradation taken at 15 mi nute intervals.After carrying out the experiment it can be said looking at the data that the reaction kinetics are of zero order at least from T0-T80. At T95 it is seen that the peak gets a bit broad it can show that a current peak is starting line to form, it the experiment had continued for at least 45 minutes more then it could have been the start of the first order reaction kinetics. Therefore it can be deduced that according to the data attained the reaction kinetics are still at zero order during data acquisition.From the represent using the equation y = a + bxb = slope = -12046.1 +/- 841.833The half-life of nifedipine was found using the equationAs we were dealing with zero order kinetics so, r = kUsing, t1/2 = In(2)/kt1/2 = 0.693/0.988t1/2 = 0.701According to the data gathered it is seen that the solid sample of nifedipine resembles to the first T0 liquid sample. By this observation a person can say that the solid state sample did not show any signs of degradation after t he 2 hour window. The colour of the liquid samples were changing from yellow at T0 to faint yellow at T80. On the other hand for the solid sample from the light yellow powder after the 2 hour window a layer of dark yellow powder was seen and the powder was mixed around and it was seen the be solid particles still retained the same colour of light yellow. According to the UV data at T0 and max of 334 it generated an absorbance of 0.604. Whereas for the T100 with a max of 279 generated an absorbance of 1.064.QUESTIONSComment on the relative photostability of solid and solution nifedipine in daylight.The solid sample of nifedipine after being expose to 2 hours of Irish sunlight ocular observation showed a darker colour change from light yellow to a darker but when the powder was mixed the underlying layer was of the same light colouration as it started with. And after the 2 hours window the HPLC result showed no degradation at all. This could be due to the practical being carried out in doors and the insufficiency of the photons getting to the solid sample.On the other hand in the liquid sample things were not much better from a yellow solution starting at T0 T80 there was no colour change but after performing the next HPLC the colour had gone faint yellow. If the apparatus would have been given over 45 minute more the results attained would be of first order kinetics. As it stands it is zero order kinetics.What type of reaction is the nifedipine decomposition? lesseningWhat other decomposition reactions do you stand for nifedipine might undergo?OxidationWhat are the implications of your observations for the proper handling and storage of nifedipine?Manufacturers of nifedipine products use light resistant coating or packing to minimize their photodegradation. Long term exposure to sunlight or artificial light may also occur if nifedipine formulations are inappropriately stored by patients. Poor storage conditions may potentially decrease clinical efficacy o f nifedipine.What validation do you think might be important in the type of analysis you performed today?Validation of an analytical mode is the process that establishes by laboratory studies, that the performance characteristics of the method meet the requirements for the intended analytical applications.The typical analytical characteristics used in method validation vary but the relevant one for this experiment is stability, agreement suitability and system sensitivity.Prepared sample/ standard stability is defined as the ability of the analyte to remain stable in the diluent at the footrace concentration specified in the analytical method.System suitability testing is an integral part of many analytical procedures. The tests are based on the ideal that the samples to be analysed constitute an integral system that can be evaluated as such. System suitability is determined by various methods. Any one or a combination of the following may be written into the method as necessary for using the method for routine post validation upshot ensures that closely eluting compounds are resolved from each other and establishes the resolving power of the system. It contains as close as is possible to a complete sample matrix. in the long run capacity factor is a measure of the time the solute spends in the stationary phase relative to the time it spends in the mobile phase.

Lily as the Goddess Diana in The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirth E

Lily as the Goddess Diana in The House of joy One of the tragedies in The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton is that Lily Bart is unable to marry Laurence Selden and thereby secure a safe position in society. Their relationship fluctuates from casual intimacy to outright issue depending on how and where Selden perceives Lily. Selden sees a beautious quality in Lily Bart that is not present in any of the other women in the novel. This mysterious beauty that is so ofttimes alluded to, in addition to her attraction for the other men, is best understood when Lily is conceived of as the goddess Diana. As Diana, Lily Bart hunts for the perfect husband but cannot marry, remains separate from the dinge of society, and finally is crushed by a remorseless rejection that can even destroy a goddess. Diana, the goddess of the hunt and of maidenhood, perfectly combines the traits that Lily Bart exhibits. Although never explicitly committed with the goddess, Whartons first description of Lily no tes her wild-wood grace and sylvan freedom She paused before the mantelpiece, studying herself in the mirror while she adjusted her veil. The attitude revealed the long slope of her handsome sides, which gave a kind of wild-wood grace to her outline, as though she were a captured dryad subdued to the conventions of the drawing-room and Selden reflected that it was the uniform streak of sylvan freedom in her nature that add such savour to her artificiality (15). Not only the description invokes the image of Diana, but also Lilys name. The lily-of-the-valley is Dianas flower. Lily Bart later chooses to wear a plain white plant for her part in the Reynolds painting, thereby choosing the color of Diana. ... ...Wharton brilliantly interprets through Lilys downfall. Seldens unrealized love for Lily Bart hinges on his realization that it is her Diana-like qualities that set her apart yet it is this same distinct quality that will bring about her demise. Lilys inability to resurrec t her reputation and use the letters against Bertha Dorset is intimately tied to her inability to marry her specimen of running away from each man that proposes to her plunges her into a downward spiral from which she cannot recover. It is not morals, but rather her qualities as the virgin goddess that ultimately doom her. By making Lily into a form of Diana, Wharton is able to condemn her society even more fiercely. She shows us that the society Lily lives in has the ability to destroy even a goddess. Works Cited Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth. Signet Classic New York. 1964.

Which Paper Towel Works Best -- science

Which Paper Towel Works BestWhen you come to the authorship towel aisle in the grocery store do you ever get frustrated and annoyed by all the scratchs to choose from? Every brand is telling you that they are the strongest and that their brand will absorb the fastest. Have you ever actually taken the time to figure out which brand is indomitable and absorbs the quickest? Well today I will fill you in on this mysterious secret and tell you not only which brand is not cunning to you but also which brand you are getting your moneys worth and if paying that extra dollar is worth the name brand I think that the most expensive make-up towel will be the strongest based on an ice cube suspended over a paper towel over a bowl held by a rubber band. The materials that I used in this experiment were six different bands of paper towels Scott, big Eagles Clean and Tuff, So- Dri, Brawny, Viva, and Bounty. I also used twelve 88.7 milliliter dixie cups, 50 milliliters of red colored water and a freezer property the temperature of a negative twenty degrees Celsius. In addition I used a plastic bowl with the dimension of 18 by18 millimeters. And finally I had a piece of elastic string. The procedure for my experiment was not too difficult it just took quite a bit of time. I started with a paper towel, an 18 by 18-millimeter bowl and a rubber band. I also had twelve 88.7-milliliter dixie cups filled with 50 milliliters of frozen, red colored water. The first step in this experiment was ...