Fundamental of portfolio management

The equity risk premium is the excess return required by investors to compensate risks of holding a stock rather than holding a â€Å"risk free† asset. Jason ,2011) Under the Capital Asset Pricing model: , risk free investments involve borrowing and lending among investors and borrowing positions offset by lending positions, therefore let Y = and representative investor's risk aversion be . (Bodied, Kane and Marcus, 2011). We rearrange this equation , indicating the equity risk premium is influenced by average risk aversion and variance of the market portfolio.It's obvious that when risk aversion of investors and variance of market portfolio increase the equity risk premium will goes up, and vice-versa. There are many empirical evidences show that during the Global Financial Crisis the volatilities of market increase, for example Chewer (AAA) have recognized the increase of volatilities in stock markets during financial crisis. Besides, according to the research of Steven, Mic hael and Bob (2011) derived from trades in options on the S&P/ASX 200 index showed that the implied volatility climb up during the SGF and reach the peak in 2009.The increase of stock market volatilities not only represent the increase of risks (Karol 2011 and Brooks 2001) but also have negative relationship with risk aversion. (Chewer 1989 and Carney 2000). There are some events can be summarized in mention of an increase in risk aversion, for example after the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008 the stock market price hardly dropped and the bank lending dramatically decreased, consistent with this there was a overshooting of risk aversion. Paolo, John and Chairs,2011) In conclusion, during the SGF both average risk aversion and risks of market increased, therefore the equity risk premium went up. Part D The keenness in the distribution of returns has became important in asset pricing because the traditional mean-variance measurement cannot fully characterize return behavi ors (Samuelsson 1970,Campbell and Hence 1992;Circler and Huber 2007).This report will discusses the importance of keenness in returns in asset pricing with he respects of investors' preference for positive keenness and aversion to negative keenness, which asset pricing factors may be a proxy for keenness, the distinction between keenness and co-keenness in returns, and some researches include behavioral finance researches will be provided. What is keenness and why it's important Keenness is a measure of the asymmetry of probability distribution around its mean.Positive keenness has more probability distribution towards positive value, while negative keenness has more probability distribution towards negative value. The skewed distribution of asset returns was first point out by Dominant(1985), and it caused by the asymmetrical reactions of investors to goods news and bad news from companies. Chem.., Hong and Stein (2001) argued that there was another reason The main reason for the i ncreasing importance of keenness in returns is that the unrealistic assumptions of traditional mean-variance framework.The mean-variance measurement assumes the returns are normally distribute and quadratic preference, however it rarely happened in real word, therefore the insemination of expect returns and risks may exhibit. According to the finding of Roll(1977) and Ross( 1977) that the portfolio used as a market proxy is inefficient, the Sharper's CAMP have been suggested as invalid. It's also supported by Bernard and Allotted(2000) that the (unadjusted) mean-variance measurement Sharpe ratio can lead misleading conclusions.For overcoming this bias Parka's and Bear (1986) and Leland (1999) have developed performance measure incorporating keenness. Besides, Harvey and Suicide (2002) and Krause and Litterbug (1976) have recognized the importance of keenness that systematic keenness and conditional keenness are important to asset pricing since hey characterize the true distribution of asset returns. Furthermore, in traditional mean-variance framework such as Capital Asset Pricing Model there is only a single efficiency risky asset portfolio.While accounting for the mean-variance-keenness in returns, there are multiple efficient portfolios, which could be considered to provide diversification portfolios. (Harvey and Suicide,2000) Investor's preference for positive keenness and aversion to negative keenness The positive skewed distribution has a longer tail on the higher-return side of the curve, while the negative skewed distribution has a longer tail in the lower-return did.The asset with negative skewed returns distribution has greater risks that the returns will decrease than what the standard deviation measures, and for positive skewed distribution there are fewer risks the returns will decrease (Mini, 2011) Theoretically, investors have preference toward positive keenness and aversion toward negative keenness, since increasing positive keenness will decrea se possibility of large negative rate of returns.There are many literally evidences show the preference of positive keenness, for example in 1967 Aridity presented that rational investors with reasonable utility functions should prefer positive keenness in the distribution of investment returns†. Following Aridity (1976),Chinchilla et al. (1997) and Parka's et al. (2003) have recognized investors' preference for positive keenness as well. What's more, investors show their preference toward positive keenness in gambling, lotteries and entrepreneurship (Thomas, Jose and LU-Santos, 2009).Nevertheless, some investors exhibit preference for negative keenness in real life, here investor is not only represent individual but also economic agent. Prefer repertory investment is a an example of negative keenness preference, which with reasonable average yields but a small chance of heavy losses, to the opportunity of recouping the original cost(Maker, Nicholas, Dominic and Raymond additi on, economic agents facing a stream of stochastic monetary payoffs will show preference for negative keenness (Nazism, 2004).This also supported by Richard â€Å"economic agents may prefer negative keenness under some certain conditions† (Richard, 2010). From the research of Harvey and Suicide (2000) we can know that negative keenness receive higher return. In their research they assumed investors require payment for negative keenness, and excess returns could be result from the market inefficiency. The higher return of negative keenness may be a reason that in some circumstance investor will prefer negative keenness.Although investors expect the returns of asset exhibit positive skewed distribution, commonly the returns are negatively skewed distribution, since investors react to good news and bad news from corporations asymmetrically. It's explained by Dominant (1985) who first pointed out the skewed distribution of asset returns, and he reposed that the increase of stock p rice caused by good news is to some extent offset by the increase in the risk premium, which is required by higher volatility.For the decreased stock price caused by bad news is amplified further by the increased in the risk premium. Which asset pricing factors may act as a proxy for keenness The traditional mean-variance CAMP use beta to measure the systematic risks, and there are lots of studies suggest that the beta can't fully capture the systematic risks. Ban (1981) suggested market capitalization ,and Fame and French (1992) proposed kook- to-market ratio have relationship with the cross-section of stock returns(Chi- Hoist ,2006).There are many debates about whether asset pricing factors such as size and book-to market ratio may be acting as a proxy for keenness. The SMB factor measures the spread in asset returns between small and large size firms, and the HIM factor measures the spread asset returns between high book-to-market ratio and low book-to-market ration assets. In th e research of Harvey and Suicide(2000) they found that when adding keenness alone or Jointly with HIM and SMB to portfolios had similar results, therefore they lamed that book market ratio (HIM) and size (SMB) factors can be act as a proxy for keenness.Recently, Chunk Johnson and Shill (2007) also proposed that SMB and HIM are proxies for higher-order moments, and the Fame and French factors could be superior. However, there were some probabilities of errors in variables in their research. Conversely, Smith (2007) applied the condition three-model factor, which was proposed by Harvey and Suicide (2000), he argued that there was little impact on the price of market beta after adding the size(SMB) and the book-to-market(HIM) actors when the conditional keenness has already included in the model.The study of Jail(2004) showed that the conditional keenness plays an important role in stock market (HIM) factors. Even though there are many arguments about the extent those SMB and HIM asset s pricing factors act as a proxy for keenness, as least from the studies of Chunk Johnson and Shill (2007) and Jail (2004) we can conclude that the SMB and HIM those non-market factors can't completely act as a proxy for keenness.Distinction between keenness and co-keenness in returns Keenness is a measure of the asymmetry of probability distribution around its mean or a single asset, while co-keenness measures the symmetry of a variable's probability distribution in relation to another variable's probability distribution symmetry, which provide estimation of risks of assets connect to market risks. Theoretically, investors show their preference towards positive conciseness that present the asset has higher possibility of extreme positive returns than market returns.Thus, jocoseness also plays an important role in asset pricing, and there are many studies support it. The studies of Harvey and Suicides (2000), Smith (2005) and Errand and Sys (2005) provided evidence that the conditio nal jocoseness can help explain the cross-section of stock returns. Baron-Ideas (1985) and Limit (1989) suggested the pricing of jocoseness. Moreover, jocoseness extends capital asset pricing theory to some extent.The study by Krause and Litterbug provided the evidence that jocoseness can be regarded as a supplement to the covariance measurement of risks in explaining the returns on individual NYSE stocks and in the process to interpret the other discrepancies between returns, and the returns when take the NYSE stocks on the whole. Conclusion In conclusion, keenness in returns plays an important role in asset pricing, and there are many researches can provide evidence for it. For example, the studies conducted by Campbell and Hence (1992) and Harvey and Suicide (2000).

Following directions Essay

â€Å"BOOM! â€Å"sounded off as a little red car hit an 18 wheeler. The owner of the little red car was devastated when he noticed the damage done to his car. He was lost for words. The police officer at the scene said â€Å"Sir calm down †¦ you should have stopped at the stop sign.† The owner of the little red car learned to pay attention & follow directions. It is important to follow directions at all times especially when you’re pregnant, preparing food, and doing an autopsy. Following instructions is very vital when it comes to pregnancy because there’s a life at risk. If you don’t take proper precautions, you may have a miscarriage. If you drink or smoke while pregnant, your baby may have life threatening problems. No mother should have to go through this & it’d occur less often if they would follow directions. When preparing food, it is extra crucial to follow the directions on the recipe. Because if you don’t, your food wont taste right. And if you don’t cook anything that is defrosted all the way through then you might get food poisoning. But if you would have follow directions, you wouldn’t have to worry about those consequences & you can enjoy your food. Following instructions is also very vital when building a house. If you mess up one measurement, the whole house won’t have a solid foundation. If you measure something inaccurately, your house may fall in. If you don’t use tape to paint your house then your lines won’t be straight & they’ll be all over the place. Now had you followed directions, there would be no reason to worry about these consequences. To sum it all up, following directions is very important so you won’t have to worry about the consequences. It is very important to follow directions in life, because without directions, and the ability to obey the given instructions, many unnecessary or unwarranted side effects may occur. This is a basic tenant of not only professional and school life, but everyday life as well.

Organizational Change Plan

In the past few years, many organizations have advanced technologically concerning medical records. By implementing Electronic Medical Records system to the Ambulatory Clinical Setting, managers will be taking a huge leap into the future. Of course, when organizations decide to make an over-haul change of this magnitude, managers need to make sure they have planned strategies for measuring the various outcomes. When the implementation of the Electronic Medical Records system was connected, management needs to focus on the strategies for determining how effective the change to the EMR system is to this facility.The managers must also be able to analyze possible future outcomes of the implementation as well as looked at how they plan to measure the quality and satisfaction outcomes of the implemented change plan. With the implementations of the Electronic Medical Records system managers will have to determine how effective the change to the EMR system was. According to Spector (2010), effectiveness is determined by the degree to which employees behavior are adaptive; moving people in a direction best for employees and the organization.By watching, talking, and gathering surveys from employees, managers will be able to determine if the EMR system was an effective change for the staff and the patients. According to Borkowski (2010), communication is essential to building and maintaining relationships in the workplace. The employees will communicate effectively with the managers informing them on how they think the change process is going. This is a very important step. It will assist the managers in determining if this system is doable or if they need to make some modifications to achieve the goal of effectively implementing EMR.Furthermore, this process will help make sure that the employees and the managers have built an excellent level of shared communication. Because employees are at the forefront of most organizations, it is very important for managers to invo lve his and her employees in change management. If the employees are giving positive feedback and are showing no signs of distress, management should continue to follow the guidelines of Kurt Lewin's change theory of â€Å"refreezing† (Spector, 2010). Methods Used to MonitorImplementation of the Proposed Change In reviewing all of the possible outcome measurement strategies for the implementation of the Electronic Medical Records system, managers looked at the reasons for the change implementation. According to Young (2000), â€Å"technology has continued to move forward at a rapid pace, but many organizational and human issues have slowed the pace of implementation of automated systems for an electronic documentation record. † Contrary to the prior statement, quantitative reports can provide possible outcomes, which can display how this change has affected Clinicians, employees, and families.Electronic patient records can improve patient safety, quality of care, effic iency of staff members, and include all of the disciplines of the health care team (Dove, 2010). By implementing an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System, the thought was that it would improve the efficiency of this organization as well as making an advance into the technology within the health care industry. Furthermore, reviewing the organizational structure and making sure that the organization was strategically in line financially.Relationship between Organization’s Related Processes, Systems, Personal or Professional Roles and Effect on the Proposed Organizational Change When viewing the implementation of Electronic Medical Records system, finances are viewed closely to determine if the implementation has made an impact on the organization financially. According to Spector (2010), effective diagnosis is the data-driven information via questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Financial and productivity reports are the two most critical reports that reviewed. These reports alone can tell managers and stakeholders if they are financially stable.Of course, managers will need to ensure that all data obtained is accurate in order for the data used in determining future financial outcomes. According to Spector (2010), organizations can use activity-based management to help ensure decisions that as part of the change process. Examining the relationship between the organizations related process, systems, and personal, and professional roles and their effort on the implementation of Electronic Medical Record, one could derive at understanding of how the system works after implementation.When a system is implemented, and training has taken place should result in a work environment in which all team members are aware of his and her frustrations, loss of efficiency and limited effectiveness. Specifically for the organization process, each area had a Champion and Super user to use as a resource for the new EMR system. The available resources assisted in m aking this transition doable. The clinicians and staff were amenable to them as well. Emphasis on throughput and workflow was evaluated to ensure that everyone was aware of his and her roles and responsibilities.Essentially, the goal was to move from paper to EMR within a timeframe with little disruptions in the organization. Communicating Techniques Used to Address Any Implementation Issues Although the employees have been using the Electronic Medical Records system proficiently, managers must ensure ways to keep the employees excited and motivated about the system. According to Herzberg motivational-hygiene theory, he believed that the â€Å"factors on-the-job that can cause staff to be satisfied or dissatisfied where not the same things.†After retrieving data from questionnaires, the employees were motivated because it was a change they believed would increase their level of responsibility. They were not dissatisfied or disgruntled about the level of responsibility. They w ere dissatisfied with the additional training they had to take. The management staff ensured the employees that the additional courses would enhance their self-confidence, increase their skill levels, and enhance their knowledge base of the new system.According to Spector (2010), â€Å"Individual incentives will be most effective in shaping behavior when the individual controls the outcomes being measured and rewarded, when the outcomes are tied to improved performance, when the evaluation of an employee’s contribution is perceived as being valid, and when the difference between rewards for high and low performance is significant. † Additionally, communication techniques are important when implementing a new system within the organization.One could assume that not all staff members are computer knowledgeable and will need additional training and assistance. The installations of the EMR system was initially not as user friendly. Positive communication within the organiz ations was the best tool of communication. Communication allowed everyone the opportunity to articulate his and her concerns, determine if additional training needed, and the focus was on the individual and department needs. In closing, the implementation to Electronic Medical Records systems is a technological advancement.Health care personnel, patients, and family members are able to access information instantly, avoiding the strain of searching through stacks of charts to retrieve patient data (Gurley, 2008). Even though there are barriers that may appear during the process and after the change process, acquire a concrete organizational plan on implementing Electronic Medical Records system will minimize them before they arise. Also based on the data collected, the employees are motivated and want to see the company advance technologically and financially.The proposed plan with the use of internal focus groups and external resources will ensure that the implementation of the Elec tronic Medical Records system is successful. The current system is a hand-written, time-consuming, and inaccurate detailed records system that has delayed advancements in technological development. Effectively implementing Electronic Medical Records system, has allowed the families to have instant access to his and her medical care and treatment plans.

Business Proposal Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Proposal Paper - Essay Example The paper will intend to provide a detailed business proposal for the reason of starting up a fresh business that is of a gift shop. A comprehensive structure of the business along with the required procedures for starting a fresh business will be explained in the business proposal. The business proposal will provide a lucid comprehension of the entire process of setting up a fresh business. Business Idea The sector of gift shop is learnt to be growing presently in Saudi Arabia but it has also been observed in this respect that the existing gift shops fail to cater to the overall requirements of the customers owing to dearth of innovative competence. Taking this aspect into consideration the business plan to establish a gift shop in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was developed. The gift shop has been decided to be known to people by the name of ‘Customise your Gift’ and is planned to be situated in one of the renowned shopping malls of Riyadh. The gift shop is expected to cater to the requirements of its respective customers with the help of its unique products as well as services. The gift shop has been planned to offer gift products with a certain unique edge which is believed to prove to be quite appealing for the customers. The shop will offer gift items which will include sketching or portrayal on t-shirts by the customers and even making sculptures or carvings on silver, bronze and silver metal forms. The carvings or the made sculptures will be turned into exclusive pieces of jewelleries by the expert artisans of the shop. The customers will be given the preference of creating customised t-shirts or jewellery with their own respective designs or they will be also provided with the option of selecting designs from the catalogues offered by the shop itself. This exceptional idea of customising gifts particularly in the form of jewellery will provide an innovative edge to the products which will help the gift shop attain competitive advantage over its other competitors. Customise your gift will also aim towards offering certain special services to its respective customers which will include credit card service, gift card, home delivery and even membership cards which can be used for special discounts. Th e facility of online shopping and ordering of products has also been planned

Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual Project - Essay Example It is due to the reason that the values and choices of different cultures are extensively unparallel and a single product or service with it common features are somewhat inefficient to satisfy the needs of these ethnic groups. For instance, the failure of Walt Disney’s marketing strategy adapted especially focussing on the Eastern Region comprising of Mainland China and Hong Kong was due to the company’s misinterpretations of the cultural diversities of these two economies. To be included, both the cultures enjoy vacations for two-three days during the Lunar New Year which was categorised as the special days by the company. In this case, the company issued large number of discount tickets to both the ethnic groups in 2006. This incidentally increased the number of eligible customers to an amount which was uncontrollable by the company and therefore headed to a dramatic failure of the company’s marketing scheme (Bradsher, 2006). Apart from Walt-Disney, there are n umerous companies operating in the multicultural market which have faced various issue related to the concept of multicultural marketing. ... Critical Issues Faced by Managers Evidences reveal that marketing is not the same as it was according to the traditional notions. Today, marketing has grown to be much wider and complex in its realistic practices accumulating numerous variables ranging from the customers’ income level to their needs and their cultures as well. It is due to the fact, that marketing at present is all about serving the customers according to their needs and choices in order to gain a certain amount of profit and achieve the optimum organisational goal. Therefore, it is quite essential for a marketer to know the targeted market, i.e. its cultural perceptions along with the economic values. It is in this context that managers, as marketers and leaders of an organisation face certain major issues while executing their marketing strategies focussing on a multicultural paradigm (Trompenaars & Woolliams, 2004). Ethical Issues Ethical challenges are one of the major issues faced by the managers in order to serve their ultimate customer group in a multicultural market. There are various influencing factors affecting the strategic philanthropy of multicultural marketing active in the given business environment of an organisation. Notably, globalisation is one such factor influencing the strategic decisions of marketers in virtue of multicultural dimensions. For instance, the total amount of world trade was recorded to grow more than six times from 1950 to 2000. As a result, the annual outflow of FDI increased to a record height of $1.3 trillion in the year 2000. This certain fact depicts the expansion of business in global terms and its long-lasting affect on the

Endangered Species Reseach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Endangered Species Reseach - Research Paper Example Human processes such as clearing of forests, poaching, human settlement, building of infrastructure and agricultural expansion have destroyed natural habitats for plants and animals. Destroying natural habitats leads to the extinction of certain species of both plant and animal families (Pimentel, Westra, and Reed). Destroying natural habitats leads to the threat of more plant and animal species to be at risk of further extinction. This paper shall focus its argument on extinction of tigers caused by human processes, which threaten to endanger this species of the animal family. The paper shall discuss the need for human beings to act against extinction crisis facing the world. Human beings are the primary cause of the current mass extinction of species facing planet earth. Scientists predict that if current trends are to carry on, half of all species may become extinct in less than 100 years. Activities such as habitat destruction, climate change and pollution are significantly contr ibuting to this mass extinction. Only a few of the global population are aware of the current mass extinction. This poses a substantial problem to the raising of awareness of mass extinction. Tigers are among the most endangered species in the globe today. There were eight subspecies of tigers known in the world of which three have already become extinct. Tigers live in densely covered grasslands. This assists with their camouflage for prey. Three subspecies of tigers have become extinct: Bali tiger, Caspian tiger and Javan tiger (Burke 22). The remaining subspecies of tiger continue facing endangerment due to actions of human beings. From approximated 10,000 tigers in the world in 1900, tiger population has dropped to an estimated 4000-5000 in the globe. The ever increasing human population and industrial growth lead to competition for land and food between human beings and tigers. Due to the increasing population, human beings become forced to clear land for settlement and in turn destroy the natural habitat for tigers. Due to human encroachment and clearing of natural habitats, tigers become endangered since they become homeless (Burke 23). They get forced to wander into unfavorable habitats, which are not conducive for their survival. Human beings need to practice natural living. This ensures that habitats for plants and animals do not get destroyed to ensure the continued existence of different species (Thoreau 51). The existence of different species within a habitat promotes biodiversity and promotes natural beauty of the environment. It enhances the natural balance between ecosystems promoting healthier lives between living organisms in the ecosystem. Global climate change has contributed to species endangerment and extinction. Climate change has led to destroyed habitats for animal and plant species. Climate change has largely been caused by environmental pollution. Industrial revolution by human beings has largely contributed to environmental pollutio n. Carbon dioxide released by industries into the air contributes to climate change. Climate change affects weather patterns, and this affects habitat growth (Zebrowski 106). Grasslands and forests are prime habitats for plant and animal species. When the natural habitats for species become destroyed, species become homeless and are at risk of getting killed as human encroachment also proceeds. There is the need for habitat protection and creation of reserves

Decide by yourself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Decide by yourself - Essay Example It is difficult to pin point an exact time of disappearances of specific individuals after the Bacon Rebellion. What is so mysterious, however, is that the disappearances of numerous freed slave families simply no longer existed on record after the time of the Bacon Rebellion. The Rebellion itself occurred in 1676, but progressively after the rebellion, the disappearances began. A brief history of the Bacon Rebellion will tell us that a few key factors implicated in igniting it involved a decline in tobacco quality due to massive over production and lowered prices, scarce land availability, raised taxes, and an overall low popularity of the government at the time, particularly Governor Berkley. Other factors which played more critically in the events that spurned the rebellion were poor relations with Native Americans. In fact, there was a great deal of unrest between several tribes and the colonists. In some of the raids perpetrated on Native American tribes, it was a case of mistaken identity that made a bad situation worse. Initially, it was the Doeg tribe which instigated the raid. The Susquehanna tribe, however, was victim to the retaliation raid by the colonists. In reality, it was these raids back and forth between Native Americans and colonists that started the Bacon Rebellion. Nathaniel Bacon, a highly popular colonist, began and led the Bacon Rebellion. At the time, Sir William Berkley served as governor of the colony. He would not consent to sending troops to help the colonists in their retaliation against the Native Americans whom the colonists felt posed a threat. Eventually, Bacon and his followers essentially overthrew Berkley. In the end, however, it was Berkley who won with the help of British royal naval ships. It is important to mention that many freed slaves were actually in support of the rebellion as well as part of it. It was the working class colonists and freed slaves against the

Resulting trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Resulting trusts - Essay Example since there is no evidence that Joe retained a reversionary interest in the home.1 In Lohia v Lohia, it was established that by virtue of Section 60(3) of the Law of Property Act 1925, a resulting trust will no longer be inferred in the case of a voluntary conveyance.2 A declaration of trust can be created by word of mouth â€Å"or even inferred from conduct.†3 There were no words or conduct on Joe’s part that can be construed to represent an intention on his part to create a trust. The voluntary conveyance of the home will therefore be construed as an absolute gift to Jack which does not form a part of Joe’s estate and likewise Daisy will have no legitimate claim to it. The disposition of the shares in Dotcom plc to Eddie was a bare trust and as such will devolve with Joe’s estate. Eddie assumed the role of trustee and likewise treated Joe as the sole beneficiary of the trust during his lifetime. This is evidenced by Eddie leaving the share certificate with Joe and paying over dividends from the shares to Joe. Moreover, Eddie himself acknowledged that he was merely holding the shares upon trust for Joe. There is no escaping the conclusion that the manner in which the shares in Dotcom were purchased, held and treated was consistent with the requisite three certainties of a trust. These certainties are certainty of subject matter, intention as well as objects. The subject matter is the trust property, intention is words and conduct capable of defining the intent by the donor to create a trust and the objects are the intended beneficiaries.4 The presumption is that Daisy be the sole beneficiary of the shares in her role as heir to Joe’s estate. Joe’s gift to Jack for Emily’s medical problems appears to be a discretionary trust. However, the validity of this kind of discretionary trust can be challenged on the grounds that Joe’s words do not impose upon Jack a legally binding obligation. Rather, the words used most probably impose upon him

Nestles Changes in Organizational Architecture and Strategy Case Study

Nestles Changes in Organizational Architecture and Strategy - Case Study Example But in 1990s they started their globalisation and the best way for them to do that was to purchase local subsidiaries in foreign markets. The launch in American markets was around the First World War when there was an increase in demand for dairy products; they constructed a lot of different factories in US at that time period. The underlying objective of moving into foreign markets was to increase efficiency and productivity in the company. In 1974 they diversified into the completely different branch of cosmetics by becoming a major shareholder in Loreal. This was a very bold and daring move and till today investors doubt whether this was a correct financial move or not. The other diversification Nestle engaged in was the purchase of Alcon Laboratories, a U.S manufacturer of pharmaceutical products. The diversification and constant restructuring the firm did was to make it more flexible and adaptable to rapid market changes. Restructuring is a continuous process of Nestle and their restructuring charges run up to $300 million a year. The company has done well over decades, which is why a lot of people often wonder if they are doing everything right why try to change? But that is just Nestles culture and what sets the company apart. The change is often slow in nature as one has to consider the magnitude of the multinational, yet it still happens. Nestle greatly relies on its intrinsic corporate culture to reform employees and make them think the same way. Everyone wants to increase the longevity of the organization rather than focus on solely short-term profits. Nestle has also developed a list of â€Å"untouchables†, which comprises of the companies strengths and should never be changed. One example of this is that nestle understands the importance of IT yet they don’t consider is as a sole tool for implementing successful strategies. It is important to reinforce and focus on the strengths and leave them as is. R & D is one of nestles strengths, which is why the company is so open to change. They constantly come up with innovative practical ideas to succeed. Innovation is in fact the first pillar of Nestles corporate strategy. They recently implemented an â€Å"Innovating the future† leadership strategy which is based on: Continuous improvement in consumer research, to find out exactly what they want and to build superior products to satisfy that demand. Using the vast expertise that Nestle has in its R&D network. Recruiting the best open-minded and passionate innovators are included in this strategy. This also includes working closely with leading universities to find out the latest in technology. Lastly the innovations should meet the core demand of nestle which is Nutrition, health and wellness. In 2008, nestle was struck hard by the Chinese food scandal. Even though the company has developed a great reputation over the years when something this serious happens the images takes a huge hit. Nestle however responde d well by announcing changes and new operations.

RECONSTRUCTION AND RADICAL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RECONSTRUCTION AND RADICAL - Assignment Example Reconstruction, it remains true that Radical Reconstruction was more challenging for the Southern States to fulfill than Presidential and provided more benefit to the freedom. The main reason that rendered Radical Reconstruction more challenging in the Southern States was the ability of the same to undermine the South’s economic and social gains. Specifically, Radical Construction fundamentally demanded the democratization and redrawing of racial relations and the enshrining of these milestones in the constitution. This would mean that the rules that had been enshrined in the Emancipation Proclamation would be upheld and not reversed. Although President Abraham Lincoln had successfully issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, yet there was hope among the Southerners that the legal stipulations thereof could be reversed. As a matter of fact, to underscore the reality of this hope, Southerners had attempted to reverse the Emancipation Proclamation by universally condemning it in the Confederacy and then following this condemnation with legal means (Festle, 2003). Again, Festle (2003) divulges that Radical Reconstruction was viewed as a serious threat to the welfare of the South since it could allow blacks the chance to access educational, economic and educational opportunities as a way of transforming their welfare and the society in which they lived. This according to the Southerners meant that blacks were no longer going to kowtow to white American’s demands and servitude. As if their fears were founded, as the Radical Reconstruction neared its conclusion, African Americans vied for greater freedom and empowerment, while unrelentingly challenging and addressing centuries of anti-black laws and traditions. The foregoing does not downplay the hardship that the South experienced in Presidential Reconstruction. However, compared to Radical Reconstruction, Presidential Reconstruction was a lesser evil. In fact, the President could still be

Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost Essay Paradise Lost is divided into twelve books. In Book I Milton explains the theme of his work, man’s disobedience to God, his expulsion from Heaven and the story of the rebel angels sent to Hell. In Book II the angels meet in council to decide what they will do. In Book III God makes a speech on man’s freedom to choose between good and evil. In Book IV Satan observes the happiness of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. In Book V God sends Raphael to warn Adam. In Book VI the war in Heaven in described. Book VII and VIII tell the story of the creation of the Earth and the universe. In Book IX Satan persuades Adam and Eve to taste the forbidden fruit. In Book X God’s Son pronounces the sentence of expulsion. In the last two books Adam and Eve abandon paradise. Paradise Lost is an epic poem. Milton chose the epic genre because of the greatness of the subject. He follows the typical epic conventions in his masterpiece, such as the opening with the statement of the theme. This epic takes place in the universe, in Heaven, Hell and Eden. The main characters, God, Satan, Christ, Man and the fallen angels remind the warriors and heroes of the classical epic, even though they are more philosophical heroes. Milton knew the Copernican cosmology but he based the universe of Paradise Lost on the traditional Ptolemaic system because he thought that this conception was fixed in the minds of the people and it had limits within which it was easier for him to work. In Milton’s Heaven God created the Earth, fixed in the centre of the Universe, and he put his life and thoughts in the natural world so that the external reality reflects the divine soul. In Paradise Lost evil and good are opposed. However, Satan has many characteristics of the epic hero, courage, leadership, initiative. Milton has sympathy for his Satan because he himself was a rebel against the political and religious authority. Both Milton and Dante said that their works had divine inspiration but they had contrasting ideas about Satan’s physical appearance and meaning. Dante’s Satan becomes a means of punishment and it resembles a mythic monster, with wings and three heads. Milton’s Satan is a symbol of God’s justice and it takes several forms, first it is a fallen angel, then it has an inhuman form and finally he becomes a snake. The style of the poem is elevated, the poet used a new kind of magnificent blank-verse.

Science Fiction Can Be an Influence to the Evolution of Technology Essay Example for Free

Science Fiction Can Be an Influence to the Evolution of Technology Essay Introduction Science fiction and technology have been working hand-in-hand for years. Authors like Gene Rodenberry have influenced many inventors to create technological devices such as touch screen computers, iPads and tablets. Even Star Trek’s transporter technology and transparent aluminum are becoming a reality. Scientists, physicists, and engineers are using science fiction to gain insight to new ideas. The science fiction entertainment genre has often influenced technological development through literature, radio, television, and film. Do Inventors create their products under the Influence of science fiction? Many people see technology pop into reality from the mind of the writers of science fiction, as did inventor Martin Cooper who created the mobile phone and gave credit to where he got his idea. People credit Gene Rodenberry for tablets and Transporter Technology, as well as transparent aluminum, and Apple QuickTime, while others have shown that learning computers came from the idea of Cylons from Battlestar Galactica and Terminator, even the world of Tron. Arthur C. Clarke’s science fiction foresaw the use of Geostationary Satellite (GPS), as well as the Internet, which the world uses today. Jules Verne’s science fiction stories brought people submarines and helicopters. H.G. Wells, who people call the father of science fiction, brought the world atomic energy and rockets through his stories. George Orwell’s book 1984, written in 1948, described a monitoring device, the government spying on the people, and coined the term â€Å"Big Brother.† The government is watching you. A former astronaut, Christopher J. Ferguson, gave credit to science fiction writers for the influence of the creation of the space station. According to How Does Science Fiction Influence Scientific Research? (2011), I look at the space station and vehicles docking in space. Who would have imagined 40 years ago, other than on the pages of Buck Rogers and in the mind of Wernher von Braun, that we would be doing these things? But here we are, doing them on a regular basis. (Christopher J. Ferguson Former United States Astronaut, NASA). These are just a few instances where science fiction technology has influenced the creation of the real thing. There has been a majority of technological advancements by Star Trek, as the tablets, communicators, Bluetooth devices, and even technology in the process of development such as the transporter technology created in the minds of the writers of science fiction. †Fiction† could change an individual’s comprehension with the â€Å"relationships within developments.† (Gordon, 2009). As science fiction authors have envisioned items, some never saw them fulfilled while others have. Strauss (2012), â€Å"Martin Cooper, the director of research and development at Motorola, credited the ‘Star Trek’ communicator as his inspiration for the design of the first mobile phone in the early 1970s.† (Cellphone). Cooper gave Gene Rodenberry the credit for the communicators from the original Star Trek. The writers of science fiction show an influence on people who later develop the work, in light of the fictional idea. Even I-Robot is now in the process of becoming a reality. Creators of the science fiction genre have ideas of what they want to see, although the technology is not available now. Geordi La Forge’s Visor in the Next Generation of Star Trek’s TV show is now becoming a reality. According to GeordiS Visor Becoming A Reality? (2012), Once again, a bit of Star Trek sci-fi is on the verge of becoming reality. This time it’s Geordi La Forge’s VISOR, which enabled the blind character to ‘see’ on Star Trek: The Next Generation, that’s close to becoming a practical device.† (para. 1). The author conceives the creative idea that he or she writes in science fiction genre, which then becomes the basis for scientific realities or possibilities. As the writer’s ideas enter the mind of the inventors, through the invention the ideas become a reality. Many inventors have given credit to Gene Rodenberry for his technological devices in Star Trek. Star Wars is even becoming a reality as well as the other science fiction movies. Many use science fiction genre in the classroom. Science fiction genre came into the classrooms from general science, physics, and even engineering to inspire students. (Segall, 2002) â€Å"Although scie nce fiction has appeared in science and physics education for many years, the genre has not been widely used to augment engineering education. Considering the potential for science fiction to help illustrate many common engineering concepts, while at the same time challenging the students to think about the many possibilities of design and technology, this exclusion represents a loss of a valuable resource.† (p. 419) Albert Segall’s paper showed that science fiction could advance technology and, by not using it, could hinder the inventor. Segall’s point was that science fiction is in the science and physics classroom. It is a needed resource for people in the engineering field. As this shows, science fiction is a big part in creating technology and its devices. A physicist, Dr. Michio Kaku, even gives science fiction credit for the influence of technology. According to Transparent Aluminium Is New State Of Matter' (2009), â€Å"(PhysOrg.com) Oxford scientists have created a transparent form of aluminium by bombarding the metal with the world’s most powerful soft X-ray laser. Transparent aluminium previously only existed in science fiction, featuring in the movie Star Trek IV, but the real material is an exotic new state of matter with implications for planetary science and nuclear fusion.† (para. 1). as well as the Associated Press’s article on the data scientists gave on the transporter technology, OCONNOR (2002), CANBERRA, Australia (AP) Australian scientists said Monday they had successfully teleported a laser beam encoded with data, breaking it up and reconstructing an exact replica a yard away.† (para. 1). As inventors continue to create new inventions, promising scientists, physicists and engineers can se e the importance of the use of science fiction in a classroom. As Segall showed that science fiction could inspire engineers and inventors of the past, he demonstrated how science fiction could be helpful to students in the future. Some devices which science fiction created are still not a reality Many could say that science fiction is fantasy because time travel, shrinking or enlarging devices, and computer digitalization, as from the movie Tron, are yet to appear. Some people do not look at science fiction as a resource because of its negative aspects. H.G. Wells, the author of the book, Time Machine which foreshadowed the movie called Back to the Future, The 50-Foot Woman, and Honey, I shrunk the Kids are but a few science fiction ideas that have not happened as far as we know. There are many examples that people use to say that science fiction does not influence technology, but there is more evidence to support that it does. Although Lightsabers of Star Wars are not in the same style as the movie, they have become reality in a similar prototype. What are the positive and negative sides of science fiction becoming a reality? As science fiction becomes reality, its use can be positive or negative: but does it help or hurt humankind? Many technological devices developed from science fiction were taken from the private sector, utilized by the Military, and were altered to be used in another manner than previously intended. For instance, George Orwell’s book, called 1984, was banned by many school administrators from being read in schools because of its political outlook of surveillance devices. Conclusion Through literature, radio, television, and film, the entertainment of science fiction has influenced technology and its devices. Arthur C. Clarke has seen the things he has written about come true. Science Fiction writers like Gene Rodenberry, H.G. Wells, Jules Verne, George Lucas, and other writers have given physicists, scientists, and engineers ideas of inspiration to create technological devices. Noticeably a few areas of science fiction have not become a reality yet, such as a human being digitized into an electronic form; a human being shrunk or enlarged in size; and time travel. Yet, many things in science fiction have come to reality: for example, mobile phones, tablets, and touch screen computers. Even the term â€Å"Big Brother is watching you,† given through the thoughts of George Orwell from his book 1984, written in 1948, has seen a counterpart in modern surveillance equipment. The relationship of science fiction and technology has been working hand-in-hand for generations. Reference Segall, A. E. (2002, October). Science fiction in the engineering classroom to help teach basic concepts and promote the profession. Journal of Engineering Education, 91(4), 419-423. How does science fiction influence scientific research?. (2011). Retrieved from http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/science-fiction-influence-scientific-research Gordon, R. (2009, December). Learning From Fiction: Applications in Emerging Technologies. Bulletin of Science, Technology Society, 29(6), 470 475. Retrieved from http://bst.sagepub.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/29/6/470 Strauss, M. (2012). Ten Inventions Inspired by Science Fiction. Retrieved from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Ten-Inventions-Inspired-by-ScienceFiction.html?c=ypage=7navigation=next#IMAGES Putt, S. (2011). Using science fiction to teach science facts. Minnesota State University, Mankato). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 41. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/894263497?accountid=358 12. (894263497). Transparent aluminum is new state of matter. (2009). Retrieved from http://phys.org/news167925273.html OCONNOR, P. (2002). Scientists Report Teleported Data. Retrieved from http://www.timeenoughforlove.org/saved/YahooNewsScientistsReportTeleportedDat a.htm Geordis VISOR Becoming A Reality?. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.startrek.com/article/geordis-visor-becoming-a-reality

Female Oppression History And Its Role Today Philosophy Essay

Female Oppression History And Its Role Today Philosophy Essay Humanistic/sameness feminism is that everyone is equal; everyone is a self no matter their gender. The main focus is on the common humanity between woman and men (Notes from 10-6). In Mills argument he states that we would be equal, however women suppress themselves into the stereotype theyre in. Years ago they did not speak up; they were expected to be the arm candy and only do what was told of them. No one had the courage to step outside the box and speak up for themselves. Women made themselves into artificial beings. They allowed the men to mold them and bake them into any form they wished. They initiated the stereotype for non-educated, child bearer, step ford wife. Mills argument was telling woman that we needed to break free from all of this instead of sitting back and watching it kill the beauty from within. Sameness feminism in his eyes was to break the stereotype against women, against discriminated groups, so that we could all be treated equally. Schechter also explains humanist feminism in her argument. She explains the problem with battered women cases and how theyre not handled properly. They need to be dealt with just as much importance as a case involving a male would, or the way any other case of that nature would be treated. If battered cases were categorized with cases of abused children or gang violence, they would receive the same strict consequences and the probability of them happening would decrease. In her article, Schechter discusses how she feels the problems should be worked out between the families. This I completely disagree with because I feel that no one, whether the victim male or female, would want to be counseled with the person who threatened their life. The victim is not going to want to work on the problems because the same situation could potentially play out again. All in all I feel that society is too concerned with keeping the families together instead of focusing on the safety of each individua l within the case. Humanist feminism in this case is not so much about making everyone equal (because women were still a suppressed gender), but making the cases against them and every discriminated race/gender qualify for equal attention. Simone de Beauvoir also discusses the idea of a humanist feminism approach. The article discusses how women are inferior to men. They lack the qualities and characteristics that would make a powerful leader. She talks about that no matter what the definition of the other is; society would always categorize a group as being that because there are two; men and women. When de Beauvoir discusses the bipolarity between the sexes, stating that men are the positive and neutral pole and women are the negative pole, it best explains the humanist feminism approach. Women are striving to become not of man, but of their equal; equal as in work distribution, income, social status, etc. They need to stop portraying us as a negative, and start treating us as a neutral gender, just like man. Question #2 Gynocentric feminism is women centered feminism. It emphasizes the point of view from a woman. It is the different fundamental attributes of men and women (Notes from 10-6). Gilligan explains this idea with two main points; justice perspective and care perspective. The justice perspective is what is right or wrong by law or how a person views justice within their own society. It is how you think the problem through based on the laws and what you know is right/wrong, rather than relying solely on your gut feeling. Care perspective is based on how you feel the situation should be handled based on your experiences. It is like the Golden Rule, Treat others the way you would want to be treated. I mix these two perspectives daily based on the situation and who is involved. With family you would lean more towards gut feeling because you have a bond with them and a love that you need to maintain. With strangers or situations you stumble across, you would use the justice perspective. This way you can handle the situation based on facts and law and both people get an equal chance. Young discusses the Five Faces of Oppression. No matter what type of group is being discriminated against or bullied because of race/gender, it all leads back to oppression in society. Woman often face these more than other categories just based on our history. We have been suppressed in every form possible and these are issues that we still have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. We deal with exploitation within the workplace; suffer from rape and battery, sovereignty, othering. Young doesnt just focus on women; he focuses on all discriminated categories and states that they will experience a different combination of the five faces at some point (from Young handout). Lorde exemplifies gynocentric feminism in the sense that women are disempowered based on the fact that their sexual and erotic behaviors are denied. Erotic in the form of being a strong suppressed feeling women have towards something the desire. It is entirely a womans feeling. In our lives we were conditioned to feel erotic only in the bedroom with our male companion. It was unheard of for woman to feel erotic with themselves or even with other women. Being only a feeling and idea from women, it can threaten patriarchy because men have no control over it. We have finally broken out of the mold and have found other means of pleasure than solely from a man. Question #3 Dominance feminism is basically stating that men are dominant and women are suppressed. It explains that the dominant figure is one who has the upper hand in politics, businesses, and religion. Marilyn Frye discusses the idea of being a Willful Virgin or a Lesbian. Her idea is that youre either a virgin, a married woman who is not having sex; one who is free and socially and sexually on her own (Pg. 330). Then youre categorized as being a tease or a bitch, or even a lesbian. On the other hand if youre openly having sex and youre a straight woman, youre a whore and easy. Youre either the stereotypical housewife or you must be a lesbian. Why cant it be that you just want to express who you really are and not fall into the same category as a majority of the women? Frye is trying to explain dominance feminism in the way that women dont even have control over their sexual desires. They are constrained and conformed to keep their bodies hidden for only their man to see. Bartky also exemplifies dominance feminism by discussing many ways in which men hold the upper hand and women are suppressed. The idea of the Panopticon is a structure that allows you a view from all angles. It gives the watchmen the overall feeling of the highest power. Thats how men want to be perceived over woman. Woman diet and focus their day around perfecting the latest fad or trend. They are expected to be soft and delicate, and keep to themselves. Our bodies are expected to be a timeless piece; never aging, never showing sign of wear. We are so used to this way of life that even when no one is there to tell us how to act or what to do, we have disciplined ourselves so much that these behaviors are natural. Kimmel discusses the idea of masculinity. We believe that every man has manhood. We shrug off their actions because we expect it from them. If men are to branch out from the stereotype then we categorize them as gay. Men judge men just as the world judges women. It is just as much of a competition for them as any other being. They see who can get the nicest car, best job, biggest muscles, and the best looking girl. They use us to their advantage because it means that they must be doing something right. Men hold the power to overthrow another mans power. They fear that another can strip away their exterior and find that they dont possess the qualities that an ultra-man should. They themselves are the dominant gender, yet they suppress within their society. It is not a matter of whether or not what theyre doing (suppressing women or themselves) is right, its more about keeping their mouths shut to avoid being frowned upon. So all in all, men have the choice to either remain dominant ov er women as well as their own gender, or fear that they will be excluded and shut out from their manhood. Question #6 I believe that womens personal lives matter in the case of sameness feminism. The whole idea behind creating men and women equal depends solely on their lives on a personal level. I believe that whether or not women will continue to dig themselves farther into the pit of suppression will determine which way feminists will lean. The idea of battered women is also a big personal issue. You have a choice whether or not to act upon it or hide because you feel you wont be taken seriously. Of course women do this to themselves, but its only because of the way weve been conditioned all of these years. Gynocentric feminism rests solely on a womens personal level; mainly because it translates into women centered feminism. It emphasizes a womans point of view and focuses on what would benefit her. The care perspective goes hand in hand with this. That is how we react to situation based on our internal feelings and past experiences weve had. We then dissect the situation and handle it in a way that we would expect it to be if it were us on the receiving end. How we deal with exploitation and the suppressing of our erotic feelings can determine the class of woman that you become. We are conditioned to be of a certain nature, however it is our duty to break the mold and create a new meaning for the word woman. Dominance feminism is the main issue in regards to othering of the female gender. It is exactly what it states; men are dominant and women are suppressed. Whether women stick to that suppression is the real situation. We have become so disciplined within ourselves that we act without being told. We have conformed ourselves to be the picturesque wife; flawless skin, perfect body, and well-mannered. Not all women want to be perceived in that light, but without it wed be ridiculed. Men hold such power over us. They control our actions, words, movements, sexuality. If we break the mold we are then placed into a new category; lesbian, whore, or even psycho. These are all things that we have to take into consideration on a daily basis. We walk on eggshells trying not to bring attention to ourselves in a negative sense. Whether it is in the workplace or out having drinks with our friends, we try to keep a cool and collective faà §ade so that we can prove to men that they dont have the control. We hold jobs in high positions, we run for president; we have our work published in books when it was unheard of. We have begun to crack the glass, now we just need to do something to make it shatter.

Religion :: essays research papers

According to the dictionary "religion is the service and worship of God or the supernatural."1 I challenge that definition. It is true that all religions do involve the worship of some supernatural force, however, it is also true that no religion in history has ever stopped at that. For a more complete definition of the word religion we also have to examine two other aspects. How has it affected man over the centuries? And what is the true motivation of its leadership? Some would have you believe that it has brought peace and harmony to the world and that its leaders are motivated by the service of their god. I suggest that a more accurate definition of word would be as follows. Religion, a feudal system of government which uses fear, hate and sometimes lies to control and manipulate people for the betterment of a select group of individuals. To better illustrate this point let's look at just three of the countless examples that human history has to offer. The Inquisition, "judicial institution, established by the papacy in the Middle Ages, charged with seeking out, trying, and sentencing people guilty of heresy."2 Heretics were considered enemies of the state. The penalty for heresy was torture and death. The crucifixion of Jesus Christ, "Jesus was taken to Golgotha and nailed to a cross, the Roman punishment for political offenders and criminals."2 The Crusades, "The name Crusade (from Latin, "Cross") was also applied, to the wars against pagan peoples, Christian heretics, and political foes of the papacy."2 All three examples illustrate how man has used God to justify his greed and quest for power. When the leadership was challenged, it used devine decree to justify the murder and torture of the innocent. We are expected to believe that a non-physical being order the religious leadership to aquire riches and land, often at the demise of the poor and helpless. The misuse of God isn't limited to the Ancient world.

Comparing Power in Browning’s My Last Duchess and Cheever’s The Five-Forty-Eight :: comparison compare contrast essays

Power in Browning’s My Last Duchess and Cheever’s The Five-Forty-Eight  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   "That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall," begins Robert Browning’s "My Last Duchess" (594). The Duke of Ferrara, Italy makes a dramatic monologue to the count’s representative in poetic form. The count, being a friend of the Duke’s, has offered to provide the Duke’s next wife. The Duke informs the representative of all the habits he found annoying in his former Duchess as an instruction of the customs his next wife should and should not do; or she will find the same fate as his previous wife. He found these habits so annoying that he had her killed. The power that the Duke has starkly contrasts with the helplessness Miss Dent feels in John Cheever’s "The Five-Forty-Eight." Blake hires Miss Dent as his secretary, after she has been in the hospital for eight months. She is very grateful to Blake for giving her the position because she has had a difficult time finding a job due to her prolonged stay in the hospital. Miss Dent fo rms an affection for Blake, who uses her vulnerability to carry on a one-night stand with her. The next day he has her fired while she is at lunch and he then takes the afternoon off from work. Miss Dent tries to contact Blake every day for the next few weeks, but he avoids her until she finally confronts him in hostility. The presence or absence of power in Miss Dent’s or the Duke’s lives is the impacting factor in their personalities, "love lives," and the concluding results each of them gains. Power, or the lack of it, forms the Duke’s and Miss Dent’s personalities. The Duke achieves his initial power from his materialistic strengths. A few of these are emphasized in lines 27-29 at which point he states "The bough of cherries some officious fool/ Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule/ She rode with round the terrace" (594). His home life includes an assemblage of servants and maids, whom he passingly refers to as "officious fool[s]." He has an enormous house that extends onto a terrace, where the Duchess rides her white mule, and then on into an array of gardens, from these orchards her cherries are picked. Not so fortunate is Miss Dent who lives in "a room that seem[s]...like a closet" (81). Comparing Power in Browning’s My Last Duchess and Cheever’s The Five-Forty-Eight :: comparison compare contrast essays Power in Browning’s My Last Duchess and Cheever’s The Five-Forty-Eight  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   "That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall," begins Robert Browning’s "My Last Duchess" (594). The Duke of Ferrara, Italy makes a dramatic monologue to the count’s representative in poetic form. The count, being a friend of the Duke’s, has offered to provide the Duke’s next wife. The Duke informs the representative of all the habits he found annoying in his former Duchess as an instruction of the customs his next wife should and should not do; or she will find the same fate as his previous wife. He found these habits so annoying that he had her killed. The power that the Duke has starkly contrasts with the helplessness Miss Dent feels in John Cheever’s "The Five-Forty-Eight." Blake hires Miss Dent as his secretary, after she has been in the hospital for eight months. She is very grateful to Blake for giving her the position because she has had a difficult time finding a job due to her prolonged stay in the hospital. Miss Dent fo rms an affection for Blake, who uses her vulnerability to carry on a one-night stand with her. The next day he has her fired while she is at lunch and he then takes the afternoon off from work. Miss Dent tries to contact Blake every day for the next few weeks, but he avoids her until she finally confronts him in hostility. The presence or absence of power in Miss Dent’s or the Duke’s lives is the impacting factor in their personalities, "love lives," and the concluding results each of them gains. Power, or the lack of it, forms the Duke’s and Miss Dent’s personalities. The Duke achieves his initial power from his materialistic strengths. A few of these are emphasized in lines 27-29 at which point he states "The bough of cherries some officious fool/ Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule/ She rode with round the terrace" (594). His home life includes an assemblage of servants and maids, whom he passingly refers to as "officious fool[s]." He has an enormous house that extends onto a terrace, where the Duchess rides her white mule, and then on into an array of gardens, from these orchards her cherries are picked. Not so fortunate is Miss Dent who lives in "a room that seem[s]...like a closet" (81).

Molecular Switches :: essays research papers fc

We live in the technology age. Nearly everyone in America has a computer or at least access to one. How big are the computers you are used to? Most are about 7" by 17" by 17". That's a lot of space. These cumbersome units will soon be replaced by something smaller. Much smaller, we're talking about computers based on lone molecules. As far off as this sounds, scientists are already making significant inraods into researching the feasability of this. Our present technology is composed of solid-state microelectronics based upon semiconductors. In the past few years, scientists have made momentus discoveries. These advances were in molecular scale electronics, which is based on the idea that molecules can be made into transistors, diodes, conductors, and other components of microcircuits. (Scientific American) Last July, researchers from Hewlitt-Packard and the University of California at Los Angeles announced that they had made an electronic switch of a layer of several million molecules and rotaxane. "Rotaxane is a pseudorotaxane. A pseudorotaxane is a compound consisting of cyclic moles threaded by a linear molecule. It also has no covalant interaction. In rotaxane, there are bulky blocking groups at each end of the threaded molecule." (Scientific American) The researchers linked many of these switches and came up with a rudimentary AND gate. An AND gate is a device which preforms a basic logic function. As much of an achievement as this was, it was only a baby step. This million-moleculed switch was too large to be useful and could only be used once. In 1999, researchers at Yale University created molecular memory out of just one molecule. This is thought to be the "last step down in size" of technology because smaller units are not economical. The memory was created through a process called "self-assembly". "Self-assembly" is where computer engineers "grow" parts and interconnections with chemicals. (Physics News Update, 1999) This single molecule memory is better than the conventional silicon memory (DRAM) because the it live around one million times longer. ' "With the single molecule memory, all a general-purpose ultimate molecular computer needs now is a reversible single molecule switch," says Reed (the head researcher of the team.) "I anticipate we will see a demonstration of one very soon." ' (Yale, 1999) Reed was correct. Within a year, Cees Dekker and his colleagues at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands had produced the first single molecule transistor.

Yale’s Five Stage Developmental Model

Using Yale’s five-stage developmental model, identify the stages of Ronald Reagan’s first presidential campaign giving specific examples from history. Give specific attention to applying the stages of a campaign history. Document your sources using APA format. You must use EBSCO or other on-line sources available through Amberton Library. You may also use books available through Ebrary and net library to complete this assignment. These on-line books are available on the library’s on-line resources. Do not try to complete this assignment by using websites for speeches. Yale’s five stage developmental model gives us examples of what should happen from the beginning to end of a political campaign, product-line marketing scheme, or ideological campaign such as Christianity or Scientology. In the case of our 40th president, Ronald Reagan, you can see these steps put into action during his first run for the Presidential Office back in 1979. Yale’s model identifies the first step in the five stages as Identification. According to the text, Charles U. Larson (2010) Identification is the position you establish in the minds of your audience P. 83-289. The audience can be a congregation, fans, voters, and potential converts. In the case of Ronald Reagan, during his first campaign he would have wanted to bring favor upon himself in the eyes as many Americans as he possibly could; especially the Electoral College. He did, in fact, win over the nation & the Electoral College. The second step is Identification. According to Larson (2010), Identification in Yale’s model refers to â€Å"establishing a position in the minds of consumers, voters, and potential converts† p. 283. To achieve making their mark on the minds of potential customers a product line may simply use a name that encompasses what they offer, Newsweek is the example used in Larson (2010) â€Å"It suggests that it contains the news of the past week† p. 283. Identification can also be established with the use symbols, as in the case with McDonalds. The unmistakable â€Å"golden arches† of McDonalds can be seen for what seems like miles by children. During the 1980 election, a bumper sticker the Reagan Campaign released was a simple design with a large impact. The sticker’s basic blue background with the word â€Å"Reagan† in large white print sticks out along with â€Å"for president† down below the name; simple, yet effective. This sticker gives Identification to Reagan the man, the candidate, and Regan the brand name. Taking a step towards Yale’s first step, Identification, is also evident in The Reagan Campaign’s goals after he won the GOP July 7th 1980. As Michael Malbin noted, â€Å"Ronald Reagan had three strategic goals for the Republican convention. . . . He wanted to maintain the enthusiasm of the conservative supporters who won him the nomination. He wanted to reach out to centrist and moderate Republicans, particularly to white-collar suburbanites who might be thinking about voting for independent candidate John Anderson. Finally, he wanted to build on his appeal to normally Democratic blue-collar workers. † Skinner, Kiron; Bruce, Bueno de Mesquita,; Kudelia, Serhiy (2008) stated Reagan’s acceptance speech on July 17 was the most precise expression of these aspirations to date† p. 170. The Reagan Campaign takes the final step towards Identification by appealing to the American people as someone with peace on Earth in mind. This is evident from his stance on foreign relations and the military. Reagan appeals to many Americans who are not happy with the current administrations performance over the previous four years. Reagan stated in Skinner, Kiron; Bruce, Bueno de Mesquita; Kudelia, Serhiy’s (2008) â€Å"Of all the objectives we seek, first and foremost is the establishment of lasting world peace. We must always stand ready to negotiate in good faith, ready to pursue any reasonable avenue that holds forth the promise of lessening tensions and furthering the prospects of peace. But let our friends and those who may wish us ill take note: the United States has an obligation to its citizens and to the people of the world never to let those who would destroy freedom dictate the future course of human life on this planet. I would regard my election as proof that we have renewed our resolve to preserve world peace and freedom† p. 171. Although his contenders would try to portray Reagan as a warmonger, he repeatedly told voters that it was not his intent to make war but rather to create peace by building superior forces. Legitimacy is the second step in Yale’s model and simply put is being considered trustworthy and believable by your target audience. An example in the text states that a candidate, Larson (2010) â€Å"gains legitimacy by winning his political party’s primary election† p. 285; thus us the case in 1979 when Ronald Reagan won the Republican’s nod as the candidate for president in the election of 1980. In fact, it was more the illegitimacy of the Carter Campaign that helped Ronald Reagan charm voters. Voters that were upset over low employment, the economy, and foreign policy were a driving factor behind the fears Americans felt. Voters were ripe and the Reagan Campaign was there for the picking. Scheele, Henry Z (1981) â€Å"Ronald Reagan benefited in part from the conditions of his times, the unpopularity of the seemingly inept incumbent President, the division within the Democratic Party, and the resurgence of conservative thought in much of America† p. 274. Yale’s third step in the model is, Participation. Larson (2010) states that â€Å"the legitimacy stage of campaigns usually blends so smoothly with the participation stage that it is almost impossible to tell when one ends and the next begins â€Å" p. 286. The Participation step involves recruitment and involvement of previously uncommitted persons, although, this can be difficult to detect during political campaigns. The fine line between supporter and potential adversary can be as simple as the results of a primary election, as is in the case in the Republican Primary elections, which began in January 1980. George H. W.  Bush ran against Ronald Reagan in the 1980 Republican primaries. After George Bush was ultimately defeated, Reagan appointed Bush as his potential Vice President and running mate. The line of when George bush, previously uncommitted, became recruited by the Reagan Campaign is distinct. It occurred when George H. W. Bush accepted the offer to run beside Ronald Reagan. The fourth step in Yale’s model is known as Penetration. Larson (2010) â€Å"The penetration stage can be defined as the point at which a person, product, or idea has earned a meaningful share of the market, electorate, or other constituency. Meaningful might be defined as enough to be noticed by the opposition brand, candidate, or cause â€Å"p. 289. Winning an election is not a prerequisite for having penetrated a certain party’s ranks as a contender. In fact, simply being able to collect a substantial amount of votes can suffice in establishing legitimacy and therefore penetration can occur. Once could say that George H. W. Bush was not a significant in the 1980 Republican primary because he came in second place with a mere 3,070,033 votes, 23. 81 % of the total. However, this number was enough to earn Bush’s legitimacy as a Presidential contender and helped earn him the Vice Presidential position. The final step in Yale’s five step model is Distribution. This step involves the campaign or product showing a positive return to the voters or consumers in the form of success. Larson (2010) states that the distribution step takes place â€Å"as a campaign or movement’s succeeding and rewarding supporters in some way. The candidates now live up their promises. They signal their supporters that social change is going to occur† p. 289. A moment that stands out as a time when Ronald Reagan delivered a positive return to those who supported him and voted fro him in the 1980 Presidential election, is how he responded to the assassination attempt on his life. Allen, Richard V (2001) â€Å"On March 30th 1981, President Reagan was shot by a young man named John W. Hinckley Jr. while leaving a Washington hotel. â€Å" p. 64. But being shot by a would-be assassin is not what appealed to the American public, it’s the way he handled his ordeal and bounced back with such grace and professionalism; he took the entire ordeal in stride. In fact, according to Langer, Gary (June 7, 2004) â€Å"the attempt had great influence on Reagan's popularity; the polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%†. This shows that somehow Americans were pleased with the fact Ronald Reagan was able to endure the ordeal. The y must have felt that they were in some ways repaid for believing in the newly elected President. Kengor, Paul (2004) Reagan believed that God had spared his life so that he might go on to fulfill a greater purpose and, although not a Catholic, meetings with Mother Teresa, Cardinal Terence Cooke, and fellow shooting survivor Pope John Paul II reinforced this belief. Reagan returned to the Oval Office on April 25, receiving a standing ovation from staff and Cabinet members; referring to their teamwork in his absence, he insisted, â€Å"I should be applauding you. † Steven R. Weisman (April 29, 1981) His first public appearance was an April 28 speech before the joint houses of Congress to introduce his planned spending cuts, a campaign promise. United Press International (April 25, 1981) He received â€Å"two thunderous standing ovations†, which the New York Times deemed â€Å"a salute to his good health† as well as his programs, which the President introduced using a medical recovery theme. It is apparent that the nation as a whole felt a positive return or, from Yale’s model, a distribution from Ronald Reagan during this specific moment just after his election. Sometimes it is not a product or tangible prize that your audience is looking for. Many times the feeling or emotional return is enough to provide hope and satisfy the masses. Although President Reagan probably did not wish to be shot, by retuning to office he filled America with good feelings.

Indian National Congress and Dear Fellow Indians

Today we celebrate the 65th Independence Day of our great Nation. On this joyous occasion I convey my greetings and good wishes to all the Indians living in this beautiful country and pray for their peace, progress and prosperity. On this auspicious day, 64 years ago, India attained freedom from colonial rule and the people of our country became the masters of their destiny. All in all, the past 64 years have been momentous.Despite serious challenges on varied fronts, including several attacks on the territorial integrity of India, we have been able to keep the flame of democracy burning bright. And, today, India is looked upon as the largest and most vibrant democracy in the world. In recent years India has been well known the world over for its achievements in several fields, particularly in the arena of Information Technology. The struggle for Indian independence began with the first war of Indian independence in 1857.Although not fully a success, this revolt sowed the seed for a new force, which was to take this struggle to its rightful end. As British oppression strengthened so did the urge to attain the freedom from it. This urge found voice in the form of many great leaders such as Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Khudiram Bose, Ram Prasad Bismil,Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to name a few. These great patriots along with a lot unnamed freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the cause of the nation.This dream of millions of Indians was realized when finally India got freedom on August 15, 1947. The joy of independence brought along with it the grief of partition! The country was divided into two parts – India and Pakistan. The greatest achievement of this country is that in spite of its vast diversity and a population of 1/6 of entire humanity, the country has continued to remain intact and strong even after over six decades of independence. Today the nation is all set to make a big come back, in spite of all its odds. It is a fact that the Indi.

Life Of Omar Bin Al Khatab History Essay

History is the manifestation of adult male ‘s will ; it changes its class when an ordinary adult male shows vastly strong will power and that ‘s how an ordinary adult male becomes a fable. Omar Bin Al-Khatab was one such character. He seems to hold changed the class of history with his ain will. Omar is regarded as most of import figures in history of Islam and the true designer of Islamic Empire. Historical histories prove him to be one of the greatest vanquishers, a wise and merely swayer and a adult male known for his simple life style and love of God. Omar become the 2nd Muslim swayer after decease of Muhammad and ruled for 10 old ages. He was a taking advisor to the Islamic prophesier Muhammad Omar was a great supporter and comrade of the Prophet Mohammed. Omar converted to Islam after 6 old ages of Mohammed ‘s first disclosure and spent 18 old ages attach toing the Prophet. He succeeded the first calif Abu Bakr on 23 rd of grand 634 as the 2nd calif and changed the historical building of Islamic history. Rising from the rank of a shepherd and a junior-grade merchandiser he became the true architecture of the Islamic civilisation. ( Wikipedia, 2011 ) Early life His female parent ‘s name was Hantammah and male parent ‘s name was Khattab ibn Nufayl, from the folk of Banu Makhzum. Omar was born to a in-between category household and when he was a kid his male parent put him to the undertaking of croping camels. His male parent was a tough taskmaster, and Omar frequently recalled how his male parent beaten him up pitilessly whenever there was a error on his portion. It seems that Omar grew up as a typical Arab male child -a tall immature adult male with a robust build and impressive character. It is believed that among the Quraish of those yearss merely 17 people were able to read and compose and Omar was one of them. He was really intelligent and had a eminent personality, intellectually and physically every bit good. He was a good public talker. By all available histories he seemed to be an mean Arab young person.At the same clip he was gifted with self-respect, a broad-mind and a strong sense of justness. He appeared to be a adult male of strong strong beliefs, a good friend, and a bad enemy. He was ever ready to stand up against the oppressor and recommend the cause of the weak. Later in his young person he took up the traditional profession of a bargainer. As a bargainer, he travelled extensively to Syria, Iraq, and Yemen, Rome and Persia and other topographic points every bit good. He was a good bargainer ; he made good money and developed a good geopolitical apprehension of the part every bit good while going. ( Islamic Point ) Omar converted to Islam in 616, before that he was the fiercest opposition of Islam. Interestingly, he resolved to kill Prophet Mohammed to complete Islam wholly.He believed that the coming of new religion of Islam will interrupt the integrity of Quraish. Omar was the most inexorable and really barbarous in oppressing Muslims. Converting to Islam In the twelvemonth 616 Umar got converted to Islam. Once he read the poetries of Quran, he was so impressed by the deity of the poetries he accepted Islam on that really same twenty-four hours in forepart of the prophesier and his comrades. Omar ‘s transition gave assurance to the Muslims and they felt powered. It was seen as the triumph of Islam, Muslims did n't offer supplications at al-harem mosque until Omar accepted Islam ( Abdullah bin Masoud, n.d. ) . Because of all this the Prophet himself gave him the rubric of Al-Farooq, one who distinguishes true from falsity. Now Islam was deriving popularity ; in 622 A.D. because of the increasing popularity of Islam in Medina, Mohammed ordered his followings to migrate to Medina. Omar besides went to Medina. Muslims lived peacefully in Medina for about a twelvemonth before Quraish ground forces attacked Medina.Omar played cardinal function in the conflicts between Quraish and Muslims. ( Encyclopedia ) Caliphate He succeeded the first calif Abu Bakr in 634A.D. and played a cardinal function in determining the history of Islam. Under him the Islamic Empire was expanded at a rate that could merely be compared to the great Roman Empire. His opinion abilities, administrative accomplishments and his intelligently coordinated onslaughts against the Iranian Empire resulting in the conquering of the Persian Empire, established him as a great military and political leader of the epoch. But it was non really easy for him to acquire things under control as he was non a popular figure because of his stringency and bossy nature. Abu Bakr ‘s comrades ab initio discouraged the thought of Caliphate of Omar but Abu Bakr had other programs and he assured his high ranking comrades that one time Omar becomes calif he would be a changed adult male. Omar was really clear and did conveyed that he will be soft with them who followed the regulations and would be rough and ill-mannered with those who wo n't follow the same. He wanted the well being of the hapless and underprivileged ; because of his democrat policies he quickly gained popularity. ( Encyclopedia ) Political and civil disposal Umar ‘s authorities was a unitary authorities ; Caliph had the supreme political authorization. His imperium was divided into independent and states. States were divided into territories. There were 100 territories in the district of Umar. The Wali ( Provincial governors ) were the decision maker of these states, which were recruited by Umar. These were the officer ‘s place at the provincial degree was which were appointed by Omaror the provincial governors: Katib ( Chief Secretary ) , Sahib-ul-Kharaj, ( Revenue Collector ) , Sahib-ul-Ahdath, ( Police head ) , Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal ( Treasury Officer ) and Qadi ( Chief Judge ) . In some of the territories there were separate military officers. The Commanding officer of the ground forces in most of the topographic points remained the same and that was the Governor ( Wali ) . Whenever the appointed anyone they used to make that all in composing. Nothing was without paperwork. When they were seeking to name or appointed Wali the instrument of instructions was made to the modulating behavior of Governors. ( Wikipedia, 2010 )Military enlargementOmar was one of the greatest decision makers of his epoch. Omar believed in consolidating his power and political influence. With the proper counsel of Umar, Islamic took a huge alteration and grew large clip as a really fast rate. He introduced several administrative reforms ; he made a Shura ( advisory ) council and sought advice from them on affairs of province personal businesss. He divided the immense Islamic imperium in different states and appointed a governor who was answerable to caliph. The Governors were suppose d to assist in disposal and whosoever used their office to acquire rich was badly punished. As a Caliph, Omar was ready to accept and follow what was good in other civilisations as good. Wherever possible, he tried to larn from others and adopted the advanced techniques and administrative patterns of the conquered people as good. For illustration, when Persia was conquered, Windmills were in extended usage in Persia, Omar ordered the building of windmills in several Arab states, including Medina. For the first clip military was organized professionally and made a province section. Finance, accounting, revenue enhancement and exchequer sections were created for the first clip in the Islamic Empire. Police, prisons and postal units were established. ( Islamic Point )ReformsAgribusiness was promoted during his Caliphate. Irrigation system was reformed ; old canals were excavated and new 1s built. Large countries of land were brought under cultivation. Roadss were built and were on a regular basis patrolled. A traveller could travel with safety on the roads of the immense Islamic Empire. When Omar became the Caliph of Islam, most of the states economic system was based on bondage. Omar was the 1 who raised his voice against bondage. He took specific step to extinguish bondage every bit far as possible. The immense districts of Islamic Empire – West Asia and North Africa were transformed into a free trade zone. Business brought prosperity. Omar understood the importance of instruction ; instruction was encouraged and instructors were paid good. The survey of Quran, Hadith, linguistic communication and literature and penmanship received backing from the Empire. Omar was himself a poet and an impressive speechmaker. He constructed Over 4,000 mosques during his Caliphate. Technology and new administrative patterns such as the building of windmills, formation of accounting section were encouraged. In the imperium new roads were laid out and old 1s were repaired. Omar organized a population nose count in the Empire following the illustration of the China. Muslim rules extended increasingly during the Caliphate of Umar, about 4000 mosques were constructed. He provided visible radiations to the mosques and superior fabric to cover the Kaaba. It happened in the twelvemonth 638 that Arabia fell into drouth which was besides been so followed by a dearth. To do this alteration and to do it better Umar tried many things out of which 1 was hosting dinner every dark. It was approximately more than hundred 1000 people who used to come for the dinner every dark. Conditionss began to better in early 639. When dearth ended so Umar went to see and steer the people. Not merely he guided but besides gave good sum, rations and besides exempted them from revenue enhancement ( zakat ) for that twelvemonth and the twelvemonth following it. Omer went for hadj in Mecca when he was assassinated. He was assassinated in response to the Muslim conquering of Persia, by a Iranian in 644. Character assassination of Umar was been assigned by Abu Lulu. The history of Omar shows and explains many things. He was a adult male with great powers of head. He was really stiff in doing justness and with inflexible unity.

Is our Generation More Stressed than the Previous Ones?

Nowadays, stress is becoming a common problem. Our younger generation thinks that modern life is generally much more stressful than in the past. However, others say that the amount of stress people have today is overstated as older generations coped with more pressure, but they never thought about such a phenomenon as â€Å"stress†. This contradiction makes many people compare the negative aspects of stress to society today and in the past.On the one hand, the previous generations experienced great stress because of poor living conditions, food shortage and numerous wars, which were taking away millions of people’s lives. Moreover, they did not have such helpful technologies, which make the life of a modern person easier. Besides, without an advanced medical system many people died of simple illnesses and diseases because there were no necessary medicines and vaccines. That is why life expectancy in the past was much lower than it is now.On the other hand, because of th e increasing pace of life nowadays people are always in a chronic rush, which causes various mental and physical health problems, such as backache, depression, fatigue, headaches, high blood pressure, and insomnia. What is more, almost everybody in our modern society is trying to achieve high standard of living, therefore, people have to spend long hour at work. As a result, they feel overworked and burn out, and hardly have time to relax and escape from everyday routine, which leads them to losing their balance between work and personal life.Furthermore, there is no doubt that several decades ago, the environment was much better than today with fresh water, air and food, whereas today we face air, water and noise pollution, which of course contribute to the symptoms of stress. In addition, nowadays, the majority of people lives in big and overcrowded cities and suffer from such common city problems as standstill traffic congestions, unemployment, high crime rate and high cost of li ving.The unemployment rate is constantly increasing; hence, the number of job-seeker is growing, which leads to the increasing competitiveness in job opportunities. In my opinion, each generation suffers from stress; the difference is in the attitude to it. To my mind, today time is more compressed than ever and because of the speedy pace of life and everyday overload, people feel exhausted as human beings are not designed for a prolonged, high-speed activity.However, we have to admit that in a certain sense our ancestors had their own reasons of stress, which should not be underestimated. To sum up, stress has been felt by all generations in their lives. It is really hard to compare either modern generation, or the previous one is under more stress that the other one, because each generation has its own problems. People would better concentrate on reducing the number of stress and try to make future living conditions more favorable.

Analysis of “The Metamorphosis”

According to Sokel, he refers to this as an intrinsic drive that comes from someone. One must work hard and be determined on everything that he anticipates to realize. He should not entirely depend on the external forces or commands from external sources to make him go through. He highlights the Marxist idea that someone only appears to be a true human being who can be recognized in the society when he can be positively rewarded by the works of his hands. Whenever he is imposed by the economic necessity, the work cannot actually make him became alienated because he would be engaged with other people, which is already an agent of socialization. He does not become himself as an individual; rather, he is alienated from his humankind. In this short analysis, the metamorphosis, the protagonist might become a wrong person. When Gregor works as a salesperson, he has a lot in his mind. Things might not be adding up according to him because he has to travel long distances to get customer, he has to pay his bills; he also has to take good care of this family. All these burden mounted on him does not make him happy. For this reason, he has to remain alone and except himself from the company of many. The paper will look into this issue through citation of Kafka`s depiction on the way in which the protagonist react to the idea leading his family into the misfortune. He eventually suffer the guilt of conscience which by all means dismisses Marx`s assertion that loss of humanity can also come from external sources like work mates and family members. International Journal of Arts and Sciences CD-ROM ISSN: 1944-6934 2017 Volume 09, Number 04From the journal, Palvos states that dangling among the vicissitudes in the world without harmony accomplishes a great blow to one`s moral identity. In life, every turn a fatality that has nothing to do with an incorrigible personal law and ethical countenance. If this happens, ones hope and determinations are all shuttered and his life remains without a meaning. Gregor`s self alienation and humiliation is suggestive of the modern dilemma of human beings in the technological period of machines who brute facts and information systems. This analysis points through and through to the reality of material existence and the possibilities of its fall, consequently moves toward the complete subversion of an ethical universe. From a responsible man who could take good care of his family to someone who is mentally tortured and only feels comfortable when he isolates himself from other people. Gregor's metamorphosis from a civilized man into a horrific and monstrous vermin, an instinctual underworld character with an almost automatic nature, and finally to a simple bit of matter, turns him into an antagonist who upsets all the instincts of life. Indeed, Kafka's criminal world vermin gives rise to a deep and stifled impulse in modernity, to the gradual spiritual death of the human, a metamorphosis par excellence of the human substantiate that overrides all instinctual and hermeneutical bound. When the mental capability of human being fails to reason, he is recognized as a worthless being that is at par reasoning with all animals. Henceforth, the humiliated modern human -uprooted beyond bound. When one is stripped of all ethical purposefulness, he no longer possesses the moral entity given to thinking and questioning. He is called to de facto accept and obey the mastermind of pretence techno capital reality, and, the geophysical enterprise of its dully respect.Miyamoto, Kaori. â€Å"Erich Fromm's theory of alienation.†University of Massachusetts Amherst, February 2014, pp. 1-47. Positive factors of freedom sometimes blind many people. Myamoto emphasized on this statement by saying that most of the rich and modernized societies today have a lot of freedom and they enjoy it extremely without sensing the side effects associated with the freedom. The societies have failed in looking at the two sides of the coin. He goes by saying that alienation is a side effect associated with the freedom which most of us have failed to look into with a lot of concern. He support his claim by citing Enrich Fromm`s concept of alienation. He says that the relation of human being is very pivotal especially to those who are alienated. Those alienated should be put close to other people. Being alone to people is not enough, but it should be in all dimensions, through feelings, thoughts and even actions. This source identifies alienation as one of the side effect of identification of human being. Kafka`s protagonist, Gregor is very potential and cooperative in providing to the family. He shows all the ability of taking care of his parents. However, at some points, he alienates himself from the family, an aspect of perpetuated by the ended gratitude and concordat he previously got from them. Because of the isolation, he cannot be identified as someone who is financially stable and can take good care of the family.Nicolae, Cristina. â€Å"Franz Kafka's metamorphotic prison: the door and the window.† Studia Universitatis Petru Maior, Philologia 18, 2015, p. 143- According to Nicolae, he makes his argument to the modern family where one appears to be insignificant or cannot realize his life dreams. He argues that the fact that Gregory stays benevolent makes him appear someone who is finally alienated and spends most of his time alone even without the family knowing his whereabouts. Gregor is portrayed as one who cannot be recognized in the society and he struggles with his loneliness at work place where he decided to seek new identity. At one point, the protagonist identifies himself with a creature which does not make him associate in the light; he rather has to hide himself in the darkness. Actually, being rejected makes one loose his value and becomes worthless before other people. In this regard, this source proves resourceful in identifying the change in Gregor which is from metal to physical level because of the challenge he gets while dealing with his family. From the outlook, Gregor does no change his moral standing irrespective of all the humiliations that he comes across. According to this source, morality is a factor in Gregor`s alienation after being neglected by the family. The social strength which is acquired by the family proves a lot of dehumanization as they draw the attention they originally had for Gregor. Yaron, Idan and Herzog, Omri (2013). â€Å"Kafka's ruins in popular culture: A story of Metamorphosis.† Journal of Popular Culture 46:5, 1092-106.According to Yaron, maintaining culture in the society is very important. Culture helps in preserving the codes of conduct that governs good stay in the community. One who alienates himself from the culture has no positive contribution to the society. According to him, Gregor commits no crime towards anyone only that he was not true to himself and there was nothing that amazing that could make him alienate himself the other people. The split that he experiences in his personality, his deepest struggle and abandoning the culture includes everything taking place within him. However, most people who do not experience such things do not know about it. They can either choose to ignore or deny it. Gregor out rightly bears no illusion about the metaphysical chasm that encircles him and the isolation it brings from those around him who are his equals but do not know it. This gulf is not alienation from his family and the hypocrisy of his relations to them both prior and after the metamorphosis, but is the isolation where a disillusioned man who awakens to a radical awareness of his own mortality suffers the awful experience of separation from others. The separation is actually against the culture. The culture does not allow one ton separate from others irrespective of the situation, however, this takes place because of what he feels in his innermost heart. His corporeity points to his mortality which makes the inhuman world his master. Gregor's inhuman world is as incomprehensible to human reason and sensibility as is death; it is far more human and humane than the reality of the people surrounding him who have denied their own mortality. Modernity and the existential metaphysics of life and death in kafka's metamorphosis pavlos e. michaelides (2017) university of nicosia, CyprusFollowing the customs of our world, and according to the laws of habit and self-complacency, it would be beyond the bounds of scientific innovation for us to wake one morning and find ourselves transformed into colossal insects. Grego`s metamorphosis touches a deep, unappreciated, and anguishing reality in life. This is nourished by sources which are deeper than those of cogent reflection and scientific knowledge. Our personal existence can sometime lead us to horrifying and most anguishing discovery. This points out that the transitory nature of our lives and places can absolutely have great demand on our moral nature to reconcile with its true temporal dimensions. In this plinth, Gregor is doomed from the beginning. His far-reaching transformation into vermin is just physical and irrevocably. Later, it fully becomes impossible for him to reconcile the radical discontinuity between his newly discovered physical structure and his prior human self. The sudden awakening to the devastating discovery of his metamorphosis even brings backfire of his daily expectations with a terrifying inability not to achieve them again. His former self remains qualitatively unchangeable, indeed throughout the story is mostly baffled helplessly trying to adjust to radical change. Despite the tremendous effort that he puts, he ultimately finds it impossible to cope or bridge the gap between an unbridgeable void, which makes his insect like physical structure and the retaining of meaningful human identity.